9. All of the following statements regarding the benefits of alcohol are TRUE, EXCEPT:

• Light-to-moderate alcohol intake from beer, wine, or spirits is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality.
• Those who abstain from alcohol have a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease when compared to moderate consumers.
• Moderate alcohol intake reduces all-cause mortality primarily due to its ability to decrease cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease.
• The relationship between alcohol intake and reduced risk of coronary disease is generally accepted as a U-shaped curve of low-dose protective effect and higher doses producing a loss of protective effects and increased all-cause deaths.