Works Cited

Child Abuse Identification and Reporting: The Pennsylvania Requirement

Course #57543-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Consolidated Statutes: Title 23 Definitions. Available at https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=23&div=0&chpt=63&sctn=3&subsctn=0. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

2. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Mandated Reporter Training: Presentation Template. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/keepkidssafe/documents/2024-04-30_Presentation-Template.pptx. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

3. Gelles RJ. Family violence. In: Hampton RL (ed). Family Violence: Prevention and Treatment. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1999: 1-32.

4. Pennsylvania Department of Health, Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs, and Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. Pennsylvania Plan of Safe Care Guidance. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/keepkidssafe/resources/documents/POSC_Guidance.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

5. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. 2018 Annual Report. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/docs/ocyf/documents/2018%20Annual%20Child%20Protective%20Services%20Report.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

6. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. Child Protective Services 2017 Annual Report. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/docs/ocyf/documents/2017%20Annual%20Child%20Protective%20Services%20Report.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

7. Kotrla K. Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States. Soc Work. 2010;55(2):181-187.

8. 8. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. Consent/Release of Information Authorization Form for the Pennsylvania Child Abuse History Certification. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/keepkidssafe/clearances/documents/CY%20999%20-Consent%20Release%20of%20Information.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

9. Dettmeyer RB, Verhoff MA, Schütz HF. Child sexual abuse. In: Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals and Perspectives. London: Springer; 2014: 309-319.

10. MedlinePlus. Child Sexual Abuse. Available at https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

11. Pennsylvania Code. 3490.20. Other Medical Information. Available at http://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/055/chapter3490/s3490.20.html. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

12. Pennsylvania Code. 3490.18. Filing of a Written Report by a Required Reporter. Available at http://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/055/chapter3490/s3490.18.html. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

13. Keep Kids Safe Pennsylvania. Mandated Reporter Frequently Asked Questions. Available at https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/dhs/resources/keep-kids-safe/faq-kks.html. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

14. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. Report Child Abuse or Neglect. Available at https://www.dhs.pa.gov/contact/Pages/Report-Abuse.aspx. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

15. Rosinski A, Weiss RA, Clatch L. Childhood adverse events and adult physical and mental health: a national study. J Psychol Res. 2018;23(1):40-50.

16. 16. Kellogg ND, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Pediatrics. 2007;119(6):1232-1241.

17. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Available at https://cwig-prod-prod-drupal-s3fs-us-east-1.s3.amazonaws.com/public/documents/long_term_consequences.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

18. Nemeroff CB, Binder E. The preeminent role of childhood abuse and neglect in vulnerability to major psychiatric disorders: toward elucidating the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53(4):395-397.

19. Sheets LK, Leach ME, Koszewski IJ, Lessmeier AM, Nugent M, Simpson P. Sentinel injuries in infants evaluated for child physical abuse. Pediatrics. 2013;131(4):701-707.

20. Sousa C, Herrenkohl TI, Moylan CA, et al. Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and children's exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. J Interpers Violence. 2011;26(1):111-136.

21. Garbarino J. Troubled youth, troubled families: the dynamics of adolescent maltreatment. In: Cicchetti D, Carlson V (eds). Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on the Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 1989: 685-706.

22. Beaty PT, Woolley MR. Child molesters need not apply: a history of Pennsylvania's child protective services law and legislative efforts to prevent the hiring of abusers by child care agencies. Dickinson Law Review. 1985;89(3):669-690.

23. Springer KW, Sheridan J, Kuo D, Carnes M. The long-term health outcomes of childhood abuse: an overview and a call to action. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(10):864-870.

24. Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T. The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine. 2012;9(11):1-31.

25. Herrenkohl TI, Hong S, Klika JB, Herrenkohl RC, Russo MJ. Developmental impacts of child abuse and neglect related to adult mental health, substance use, and physical health. J Fam Violence. 2013;28(2):191-199.

26. Menniti DJ. Child abuse law in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Medicine. 1986;89(3):33-34.

27. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services. Child Protective Services 2022 Annual Report. Available at https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dhs/documents/docs/ocyf/documents/2022-PA-CHILD-PROTECTIVE-SERVICES-REPORT_8-10-2023_FINAL.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

28. Fagan AA, Novak A. Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent delinquency in a high-risk sample. Youth Violence Juv J. 2018;16(4):395-417.

29. Henderson KL. Mandated reporting of child abuse: considerations and guidelines for mental health counselors. J Ment Health Counsel. 2013;35(4):296-309.

30. Carleton RA. Does the mandate make a difference? Reporting decisions in emotional abuse. Child Abuse Rev. 2006;15(1):19-37.

31. Pietrantonio AM, Wright E, Gibson KN, Alldred T, Jacobson D, Niec A. Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect: crafting a positive process for health professionals and caregivers. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(2-3):102-109.

32. Pennsylvania Legislature. Section 6311: Provisions and Responsibilities for Reporting Suspected Child Abuse. Available at https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/23/00.063.011.000..HTM. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

33. Pennsylvania Medical Society. PAMED Consult: Child Abuse Reporting. Available at https://www.pamedsoc.org/reference/pameds-quick-consult-series#2. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

34. Gonzalez D, Mirabal AB, McCall JD. Child Abuse and Neglect. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459146. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

35. The Pennsylvania Code. 3490.32: ChildLine Reporting to the County Agency. Available at http://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/Display/pacode?file=/secure/pacode/data/055/chapter3490/s3490.32.html. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

36. Nemeroff CB. Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect. Neuron. 2016;89(5):892-909.

37. Thompson C. Bills Would Change Child Abuse Reporting Requirements in PA, Defining Who Reports and How. Available at https://www.pennlive.com/midstate/2014/04/bills_beefing_up_child_abuse_r.html. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

38. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Consolidated Statutes: Title 23 Domestic Relations: § 6375. County Agency Requirements for General Protective Services. Available at https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=23&div=0&chpt=63&sctn=75&subsctn=0. Last accessed September 19, 2024.

39. Yaw G. Changes to Pennsylvania's Child Protective Services Law. Available at https://www.senatorgeneyaw.com/changes-to-pennsylvanias-child-protective-services-law. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

40. Schols MWA, Ruiter C, Öry FG. How do public childcare professionals and primary school teachers identify and handle child abuse cases? A qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1-16.

41. Fontes LA. Interviewing immigrant children for suspected child maltreatment. J Psychiatry Law. 2010;38(3):283-305.

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adverse Childhood Experiences Prevention: Resources for Action. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/aces-prevention-resource_508.pdf. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

43. Domhardt M, Münzer A, Fegert JM, Goldbeck L. Resilience in survivors of child sexual abuse: a systematic review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2015;16(4):476-493.

44. The Pennsylvania Code. Chapter 63: Child Protective Services. Available at https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/23/00.063..HTM. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

45. Pennsylvania Code. 2006 Act 179. Available at https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/li/uconsCheck.cfm?yr=2006&sessInd=0&act=179. Last accessed June 7, 2024.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.