Works Cited

Novel Psychoactive Substances: Emerging Drugs of Abuse

Course #96913 - $30-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances: A Technical Update 2024. Available at https://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/The_Challenge_of_NPS_A_technical_update_2024.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

2. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2024: Contemporary Issues on Drugs. Available at https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR_2024/WDR24_Contemporary_issues.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

3. Miliano C, Margiani G, Fattore L, De Luca MA. Sales and advertising channels of new psychoactive substances (NPS): internet, social networks, and smartphone apps. Brain Sci. 2018;8(7):123.

4. Liu L, Wheeler SE, Venkataramanan, et al. Newly emerging drugs of abuse and their detection methods: an ACLPS critical review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018;149(2):105-116.

5. American Academy of Family Physicians. 2019 Scientific Assembly Needs Assessment: Substance Use and Misuse. Available at https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/events/fmx/needs/fmx19-na-psy-substance-use-and-misuse.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

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17. Biliński P, Holownia P, Kapka-Skrzypczak L, Wojtyla A. Designer drug (DD) abuse in Poland: a review of the psychoactive and toxic properties of substances found during seizures of illegal drug products and resulting legal consequences thereof. Part I: cannabinoids and cathinones. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):857-870.

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19. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse. Drug Abuse Trends
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20. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. UNODC Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances. Available https://www.unodc.org/LSS/Page/NPS/pharmacology. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

21. Trecki J, Gerona RR, Schwartz MD. Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(2):103-107.

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25. Boyce N. Novel Psychoactive Substances. Presented at: Third Annual Addictions and Mental Health Conference; May 25, 2015; Ontario. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/OHSUTP/novel-psychoactive-substances-an-analyis-of-the-2015-psa-cookin-with-molly. Last accessed November 1, 2024

26. Valeriani G, Corazza O, Bersani FS, et al. Olanzapine as the ideal "trip terminator"? Analysis of online reports relating to antipsychotics' use and misuse following occurrence of novel psychoactive substance-related psychotic symptoms. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2015;30(4):249-254.

27. Francisco da Cunha K, Oliveira KD, Cardoso MS, et al. Prevalence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in Brazil based on oral fluid analysis of samples collected at electronic music festivals and parties. Drug Alc Depend. 2021;227:108962.

28. Keary CJ, Nejad SH, Rasimas JJ, Stern TA. Intoxications associated with agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, and fever: differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013;15(3).

29. McKee J, Brahm N. Medical mimics: differential diagnostic considerations for psychiatric symptoms. Ment Health Clin. 2016;6(6):289-296.

30. American College of Eergency Physicians Hyperactive Delirium Task Force. ACEP Task Force Report on Hyperactive Delirium with Severe Agitation in Emergency Settings. Available at https://www.acep.org/siteassets/new-pdfs/education/acep-task-force-report-on-hyperactive-delirium-final.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

31. Scheppke KA, Braghiroli J, Shalaby M, Chait R. Prehospital use of IM ketamine for sedation of violent and agitated patients. West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(7):736-741.

32. Poulie CBM, Jensen AA, Halberstadt AL, Kristensen JL. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020;11(23):3860-3869.

33. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. 25-NBOMe. 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, and 25B-NBOMe. Available at http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/nbome.pdf. Last accessed November 15, 2021.

34. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Phencyclidine. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/pcp.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

35. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. One Pill Can Kill. Available at https://www.dea.gov/onepill. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

36. American Association of Poison Control Centers. National Poison Data System. Available at https://aapcc.org/national-poison-data-system. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

37. FactsFightFentanyl.org. Facts Fight Fentanyl. Available at https://www.factsfightfentanyl.org. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

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39. Klein AK, Chatha M, Laskowski LJ, et al. Investigation of the structure-activity relationships of psilocybin analogues. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2020;4(2):533-542.

40. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. 5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/5meodipt.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

41. Daswani, RR, Choles CM, Kim DD, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of synthetic cathinone use and psychosis. Psychopharmacology. 2024;241:875-896.

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43. Saha K, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, et al. Second-generation mephedrone analogs, 4-MEC and 4-MePPP, differentially affect monoamine transporter function. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40(6):1321-1331.

44. Rickli A, Hoener MC, Liechti ME. Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015;25(3):365-376.

45. European Union Drugs Agency. Synthetic Cannabinoids Drug Profile. Available at https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/synthetic-cannabinoids_en. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

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48. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/salvia_d.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

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51. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/bromo_dmp.pdf. Last accessed November 17, 2024.

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54. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Ketamine. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/ketamine.pdf. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

55. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Details for Aminoindanes. Available at https://www.unodc.org/LSS/SubstanceGroup/Details/8fd64573-c567-4734-a258-76d1d95dca25. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

56. Murray BL, Murphy CM, Beuhler MC. Death following recreational use of designer drug "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(1):69-75.

57. Nadal-Gratacós N, Pazos MD, Pubill D, et al. Structure–activity relationship of synthetic cathinones: an updated review. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024;7(9):2588–2603.

58. Poyatos L, Torres A, Papaseit E, et al. Abuse potential of cathinones in humans: a systematic review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(4):1004.

59. Spiller HA, Ryan ML, Weston RG, Jansen J. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(6):499-505.

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61. Borek HA, Holstege CP. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;60(1):103-105.

62. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Barbiturates. Available at https://www.dea.gov/factsheets/barbiturates. Last accessed November 1, 2024.

63. Corazza O, Schifano F, Farre M, et al. Designer drugs on the Internet: a phenomenon out-of-control? Analysis of anecdotal online reports relating to the hallucinogenic drug Bromo-Dragonfly. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2011;6(2):125-129.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.