Works Cited

Ultrasound Applications in Aesthetic Practice

Course #90400 - $24-

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    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

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4. Liao ZF, Cong LY, Li FW, et al.The research trend of soft tissue filler injection from 2000 to 2022: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024;12(2):e5579.

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21. Hur MS, Hu KS, Cho JY, et al. Topography and location of the depressor anguli oris muscle with a reference to the mental foramen. Surg Radiol Anat. 2008;30(5):403-407.

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30. Salimi N, Gonzalez-Fiol A, Yanez ND, et al. Ultrasound image quality comparison between a handheld ultrasoundtransducer and mid-range ultrasound machine. POCUS J. 2022;7(1):154-159.

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32. Sonko ML, Arnold TC, Kuznetsov IA. Machine learning inpoint of care ultrasound. POCUS J. 2022;7(Kidney):78-87.

33. Mortada H, Al Mazrou F, Alghareeb A, Al Enezi M, Alalawi S, Neel OF. Overview of the role of ultrasound imaging applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery: is ultrasound imaging the stethoscope of a plastic surgeon? A narrative review of the literature. Eur J Plast Surg. 2023;46:15-24.

34. 34. Bhatta AK, Keyal U, Liu Y. Application of high frequency ultrasound indermatology. Discov Med. 2018;26(145):237-242.

35. Levy J, Barrett DL, Harris N, Jeong JJ, Yang X, Chen SC. High-frequency ultrasound inclinical dermatology: a review. Ultrasound J. 2021;13(1):24.

36. Rallan D, Harland CC. Ultrasound in dermatology: basicprinciples and applications. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28(6):632-638.

37. Gorny KR, Tradup DJ, Hangiandreou NJ. Implementation and validation of three automated methods for measuring ultrasound maximum depth of penetration: application to ultrasound quality control. Med Phys. 2005;32(8):2615-2628.

38. Steffel CN, Brown R, Korcarz CE, et al. Influence of ultrasound systemand gain on grayscale median values. J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38(2):307-319.

39. StewartSF. Effects of transducer, velocity, Doppler angle, and instrument settings on theaccuracy of color Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27(4):551-564.

40. Dalecki D. Mechanical bioeffects of ultrasound. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2004:6:229-248.

41. Barnett SB. Biophysical aspects of diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2000:26(Suppl 1):S68-S70.

42. Abramowicz JS, Barnett SB, Duck FA, Edmonds PD, Hynynen KH, Ziskin MC. Fetal thermal effects of diagnostic ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med. 2008;27(4):541-559.

43. Miller DL, Abo A, Abramowicz JS, et al. Diagnostic ultrasound safety review for point-of-care ultrasound practitioners. J Ultrasound Med. 2020;39(6):1069-1084.

44. Ziskin MC. The thermal dose index. J Ultrasound Med.2010; 29(10):1475-1479.

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47. 47. Kleinerman R, Whang TB, Bard RL, Marmur ES. Ultrasound indermatology: principles and applications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67(3):478-487.

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49. Almuhanna N, Wortsman X, Wohlmuth-Wieser I, Kinoshita-Ise M, Alhusayen R. Overview of ultrasound imaging applications in dermatology. J Cutan Med Surg. 2021;25(5):521-529.

50. Marcuzzo AV, Šuran-Brunelli AN, Dal Cin E, et al. Surgical anatomy of the marginal mandibular nerve: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Anat. 2020;33(5):739-750.

51. 51. Bagatin E, de Vasconcelos Nasser Caetano L, Marques Soares JL. Ultrasound and dermatology: basic principles and main applications in dermatologic research. Expert Rev Dermatol. 2013;8(5):463-477.

52. Urdiales-Gálvez F, De Cabo-Francés FM, Bové I. Ultrasoundpatterns of different dermal filler materials used in aesthetics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(5):1541-1548.

53. Casabona G, Nogueira Teixeira D. Microfocused ultrasound in combination with diluted calcium hydroxylapatite for improving skinlaxity and the appearance of lines in the neck and décolletage. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(1):66-72.

54. Wortsman X, Quezada N. Ultrasound morphology of polycaprolactone filler. J Ultrasound Med. 2017;36(12):2611-2615.

55. Beasley KL, Weiss MA, Weiss RA.Hyaluronic acid fillers: a comprehensive review. Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25(2):86-94.

56. Broder KW, Cohen SR. An overview of permanent and semipermanent fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(3 Suppl):7S-14S.

57. Sánchez-Carpintero I, Candelas D, Ruiz-Rodríguez R. Dermal fillers: types, indications, andcomplications. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010;101(5):381-393.

58. Fagien S, Klein AW. A brief overview and history of temporary fillers: evolution, advantages, and limitations. Plast Reconstr Surg.2007;120(6 Suppl):8S-16S.

59. Mortada H, Al Saud N, Alaithan B, Alhumsi T. Complications followingpermanent filler injection: a prospective cohort study and protocol of management. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022;10(11):e4687.

60. Christen MO. Collagen stimulators in body applications: a review focused on poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022;15:997-1019.

61. Haddad S,Galadari H, Patil A, Goldust M, Al Salam S, GuidaS. Evaluation of the biostimulatory effects and the level of neocollagenesis of dermal fillers: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(10):1284-1288.

62. Al-Halaseh LK, Al-Jawabri NA, Tarawneh SK, et al. A review of the cosmetic use and potentially therapeutic importance of hyaluronic acid. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2022;12(7):34-41.

63. Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: a key molecule inskin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-258.

64. Landau M, Fagien S. Science ofhyaluronic acid beyond filling: fibroblasts and their response to the extracellular matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5 Suppl):188S-195S.

65. Saranraj P, Noorani AA, Naidu MA. Hyaluronic acid production and its applications: a review. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2013;4(5):853-859.

66. Bademci G, Yaşargil MG. Microsurgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(8):841-847.

67. DeLorenzi C, Weinberg M, Solish N, Swift A. The long-term efficacy and safety of a subcutaneously injected large‐particle stabilizedhyaluronic acid-based gel of nonanimal origin in esthetic facial contouring. Dermatol Surg. 2009:35 Suppl 1:313-321.

68. Micheels P, BesseS, Flynn TC, Sarazin D, Elbaz Y. Superficial dermal injection of hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers: comparative ultrasoundstudy. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38(7 Pt 2):1162-1169.

69. Micheels P, Besse S, Sarazin D, et al. Ultrasound and histologic examination after subcutaneous injection of two volumizing hyaluronic acid fillers:a preliminary study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017;5(2):e1222.

70. Van Loghem J, Yutskovskaya YA,Werschler WP. Calcium hydroxylapatite: over a decade of clinical experience. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2015;8(1):38-49.

71. Lorenc ZP, Bass LM, Fitzgerald R, Goldberg DJ, Graivier MH. Physiochemical characteristics of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA). Aesthet Surg J. 2018;38(suppl_1):S8-S12.

72. Ridenour B, Kontis TC. Injectable calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres (Radiesse). Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25(2):100-105.

73. Alam M, Havey J, Pace N, Pongprutthipan M, Yoo S. Large-particle calcium hydroxylapatite injection for correction of facial wrinkles and depressions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(1):92-96.

74. Bass LS, Smith S, Busso M, McClaren M. Calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for treatment of nasolabial folds: long-term safety and efficacy results. Aesthet Surg J. 2010;30(2):235-238.

75. 75. Eason C, Snyder A, Favre C, Schlesinger T. Sculptra® - history andhow it is best used today. Dermatological Reviews. 2023;4(3):115-120.

76. Lam SM, Azizzadeh B,Graivier M. Injectable poly-L-lactic acid (Sculptra): technical considerations in soft-tissue contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;118(3 Suppl):55S-63S.

77. Vleggaar D, Bauer U. Facial enhancement andthe European experience with Sculptra (poly-l-lactic acid). J Drugs Dermatol.2004;3(5):542-547.

78. Cox SE, Adigun CG. Complications of injectable fillers and neurotoxins. Dermatol Ther. 2011;24(6):524-536.

79. Thakker MM, Rubin PA. Pharmacology and clinical applications of botulinum toxins A and B. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2004;44(3):147-163.

80. Cavallini M,Trocchi G, Heydenrych I, De Boulle K, Hendrickx B, Pirayesh A. Complications of absorbable fillers. In: Pirayesh A, Bertossi D, Heydenrych I (eds). Aesthetic Facial Anatomy: Essentials for Injections. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2020: 54-69.

81. Mehta P, Kaplan JB, Zhang-Nunes S. Ischemic complications ofdermal fillers. Plast Aesthetic Res. 2022;9:57.

82. De Boulle K. Complications from hyaluronicacid fillers. In: Bertossi D, Nocini R, Pirayesh I (eds). Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2023: 112-120.

83. Sito G, Manzoni V, Sommariva R. Vascular complications after facial filler injection: a literature review and meta-analysis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(6):E65-E72.

84. Cotofana S,Lachman N. Arteries of the face and their relevance forminimally invasive facial procedures: an anatomical review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;143(2):416-426.

85. Vidal Cofré NF, Martinez VM, Cornejo IN. Facial Doppler ultrasound in minimally invasive procedures. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;9(7):577-585.

86. Tal S, Maresky HS, BryanT, et al. MRI in detecting facial cosmetic injectable fillers. Head Face Med. 2016;12(1):27.

87. Wollina U, GoldmanA. Spontaneous and induced degradation of dermal fillers: a review. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2023;4010-4103.

88. Bentkover SH. The biology of facial fillers. Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25(2):73-85.

89. Herrmann JL, Hoffmann RK, Ward CE, Schulman JM, Grekin RC. Biochemistry, physiology, and tissue interactions of contemporary biodegradable injectable dermal fillers. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44 Suppl 1:S19-S31.

90. Hwang CJ, Perry JD. Filler complications. Advances in Cosmetic Surgery. 2018;1(1):143-150.

91. Jung H.Hyaluronidase: an overview of its properties, applications, and side effects. Arch Plast Surg. 2020;47(4):297-300.

92. Rzany B, Becker‐Wegerich P, Bachmann F, Erdmann R, Wollina U. Hyaluronidase in the correction of hyaluronic acid-based fillers: a review and a recommendation for use. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2009;8(4):317-323.

93. Radu A, Quereshy FA. Cosmetic fillers. In: Towne BM, Mehra P (eds). Neurotoxins and Fillers in Facial Esthetic Surgery. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2019: 47-61.

94. Grippaudo FR, Mattei M. The utility of high-frequency ultrasound in dermal filler evaluation. Ann Plast Surg. 2011;67(5):469-473.

95. Casabona G, Marchese PB, Montes JR, Hornfeldt CS. Durability, behavior, and tolerability of 5 hyaluronidase products. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44 Suppl 1:S42-S50.

96. Alam M, Hughart R, Geisler A, et al. Effectiveness of low doses of hyaluronidase toremove hyaluronic acid filler nodules: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(7):765-772.

97. 97. Murray G, Convery C, Walker L, Davies E. Guideline forthe safe use of hyaluronidase in aesthetic medicine, including modified high-dose protocol. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021;14(8):E69-E75.

98. Sharma SC, Lahiri A. Use of hyaluronidase in plastic surgery: a review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021;74(7):1610-1614

99. Jiang L, Yuan L, Li Z, Su X, Hu J, Chai H. High-frequency ultrasound of facial filler materials in the nasolabial groove. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2022;46(6):2972-2978.

100. Robinson DM. In vitro analysis of the degradation of calcium hydroxylapatite dermal filler: a proof-of-concept study. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44 Suppl 1:S5-S9.

101. Merkel EA, Worley B, Christensen RE, et al. In vitro and ex vivo investigation of intralesional sodium thiosulfate as a reversal agent for calcium hydroxylapatite soft tissue filler. J Invest Dermatol. 2022;142(11):3125-3127.

102. Yousuf S, Tubbs RS, Wartmann CT, Kapos T, Cohen-Gadol AA. A review of the gross anatomy, functions, pathology, and clinical uses of the buccal fat pad. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010;32(5):427-436.

103. 103. Chia CY, Almeida MWR, Ritter PD, de Aquino Nery E. Malar fat pad repositioning in facelifting: a simple technique of suspension and fixation. Aesthet Surg J. 2010;30(6):790-797.

104. Gao H, Wu D, Jie X, et al. Global research trends and perspectives of blepharoplasty: a 20-year bibliometric analysis based on web of science. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2023;47(2):654-665.

105. Majidian M, Moy RL. Commentary on: a single-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of four microneedling treatments on fine lines and wrinkles of facial and neck skin in subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV: an objective assessment using non-invasive devices and 0.33-mm microbiopsies. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(11):NP1619-NP1 620.

106. Miotti G, Zeppieri M, Pederzani G, Salati C, Parodi PC. Modern blepharoplasty: from benchto bedside. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(8):1719-1729.

107. Rohrich RJ, Villanueva NL, Afrooz PN. Refinements in upper blepharoplasty: the five-step technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141(5):1144-1146.

108. 108. Alghoul M. Blepharoplasty: anatomy, planning, techniques, and safety. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(1):10-28.

109. Anido J, Fernández JM, Genol I, Ribé N, Pérez Sevilla G. Recommendations for the treatment oftear trough deformity with cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(1):6-17.

110. Hamed-Azzam S, Burkat C, Mukari A, et al. Filler migration to the orbit. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(6):NP559-NP566.

111. Shamban A, Clague MD, von Grote E, Nogueira A. A novel and more aesthetic injection pattern formalar cheek volume restoration. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42(1):197-200.

112. Schelke L, Liplavk O, Cotofana S, Shah-Desai S, Velthuis P. Periorbital venous stasis may be involved with filler induced malar edema - a duplex ultrasound-imaging-based case series. J Cosmet Dermatol.2023;22(12):3246-3251.

113. Schelke LW, Van Den Elzen HJ, Erkamp PPM, Neumann HAM. Use of ultrasound to provide overall information on facial fillers and surrounding tissue. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36 Suppl 3:1843-1851.

114. Schelke L, Velthuis PJ, Lowry N, et al. The mobility of the superficial and deep midfacial fat compartments: an ultrasound-based investigation. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(12):3849-3856.

115. Kim BJ, Kazim M. Prominent premalar and cheek swelling: a sign of thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;22(6):457-460.

116. Mingazova LR, Karpova EI, Murakov SV, et al. Iatrogenic glossopharyngeal neuropathy in aesthetic practice: a case report. Plast Reconstru Surg Glob Open. 2022;10(3):e4166.

117. Pacella SJ, Codner MA. Minor complications after blepharoplasty: dry eyes, chemosis, granulomas, ptosis, and scleral show. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(2):709-718.

118. Prischmann J, Sufyan A, Ting JY, Ruffin C, Perkins SW. Dry eye symptoms and chemosis following blepharoplasty: a 10-year retrospective review of 892 cases in a single-surgeon series. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2013;15(1):39-46.

119. Costeloe A, Newman J. Aesthetician role in facial plastic surgery and systemic therapy for healthy skin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2023;31(4):557-566.

120. Rauso R, Sesenna E, Fragola R, Zerbinati N, Nicoletti GF, Tartaro G. Skinnecrosis and vision loss or impairment after facial filler injection. J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31(8):2289-2293.

121. 121. Beleznay K, Carruthers JDA, Humphrey S, Carruthers A, Jones D. Update on avoidingand treating blindness from fillers: a recent review of the world literature. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(6):662-674.

122. Kato JM, Matayoshi S. Visual loss after aesthetic facial filler injection: a literature review on an ophthalmologic issue. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2022;85(3):309-319.

123. Hwang CJ,Chon BH, Perry JD. Blindness after filler injection: mechanism and treatment. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2021;29(2):359-367.

124. Khan N, Niazi ZR, Rehman FU, et al. Hyaluronidases: a therapeutic enzyme. Protein Pept Lett. 2018;25(7):663-676.

125. Kim DW, Yoon ES, Ji YH, Park SH, Lee BI, Dhong ES. Vascular complications of hyaluronic acid fillers and the role of hyaluronidase in management. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(12):1590-1595.

126. King M, Convery C, Davies E. This month's guideline: the use of hyaluronidase in aesthetic practice (v2.4). J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2018;11(6):E61-E68.

127. Cohen BE, Bashey S, WysongA. The use of hyaluronidase in cosmetic dermatology: a review ofthe literature. J Clin Investigat Dermatol. 2015;3(2):7.

128. Bachmann F, Erdmann R, Hartmann V, Wiest L, Rzany B. The spectrum of adverse reactions after treatment with injectablefillers in the glabellar region: results from the Injectable Filler Safety Study. Dermatol Surg.2009;35 Suppl 2:1629-1634.

129. Sykes JM, Cotofana S, Trevidic P, et al. Upper face: clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(5 Suppl):204S-218S.

130. Freytag DL, Frank K, Haidar R, et al. Facial safe zones for soft tissue filler injections: a practical guide. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(9):896-902.

131. Koziej M, Trybus M, Hołda M, et al. The superficial temporal artery: anatomical map for facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(8):815-823.

132. Lee JG, Yang HM, Hu KS, et al. Frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery: anatomical study and clinical implications regarding injectable treatments. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015;37(1):61-68.

133. Kleintjes WG. Forehead anatomy: arterial variations and venous link of the midline forehead flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60(6):593-606.

134. Kohan J, Edalatpour A, Seitz AJ, Cho DY, Gander BH. Nerve blocks utilized inthe face: a comprehensive review. FACE. 2024;5(1):182-191.

135. Bramhall J. Regional anesthesia for aesthetic surgery. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2002;21(1):3-26.

136. Carruthers JDA, Fagien S, Rohrich RJ, Weinkle S, Carruthers A. Blindness caused by cosmetic filler injection: a review of cause and therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(6):1197-1201.

137. Sahan A, Karaosmanoglu N, Ozdemir Cetinkaya P. A new three-point filler technique tomaximize safety for the correction of glabellar rhytids: evaluation of 50 patients. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(6):1311-1315.

138. Choi DY, Bae JH, Youn KH, et al. Topography of the dorsal nasal artery and its clinical implications for augmentation of the dorsum of the nose. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(4):637-642.

139. Saad N, Stallworth CL. Liquidrhinoplasty. Clin Plast Surg. 2023;50(3):447-454.

140. Kassir R, Venkataram A, Malek A, Rao D. Non-surgical rhinoplasty: the ascending technique and a 14-year retrospective studyof 2130 cases. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2021;45(3):1154-1168.

141. Lee JH, Hong G. Definitions of groove and hollowness of the infraorbital region and clinical treatment using soft-tissue filler. Arch Plast Surg. 2018;45(3):214-221.

142. Trinh LN, Grond SE, Gupta A. Dermal fillers for tear trough rejuvenation: a systematic review. Facial Plast Surg. 2022;38(3):228-339.

143. Aggarwal A, Kaur H, Gupta T, et al. Anatomical study of the infraorbital foramen: abasis for successful infraorbital nerve block. Clin Anat. 2015;28(6):753-760.

144. AlghoulM, Codner MA. Retaining ligaments of the face: review ofanatomy and clinical applications. Aesthet Surg J. 2013;33(6):769-782.

145. McElwee TJ, Poche JN, SowderJC, Hetzler LT. Management of acute facial nerve and parotid injuries. Facial Plast Surg. 2021;37(4):490-499.

146. Koziej M, Trybus M, Hołda M, et al. Anatomical map of the facial artery for facial reconstruction and aesthetic procedures. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(11):1151-1162.

147. Lee HJ, Won SY, O J, et al. Thefacial artery: a comprehensive anatomical review. Clin Anat. 2018;31(1):99-108.

148. Beauvais D, Ferneini EM. Complicationsand litigation associated with injectable facial fillers: a cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;78(1):133-140.

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