Works Cited

Strategies for Appropriate Opioid Prescribing: The Florida Requirement

Course #55122-

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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. Federation of State Medical Boards. Guidelines for the Chronic Use of Opioid Analgesics. Washington, DC: The Federation of State Medical Boards; 2017.

2. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.

3. PR Newswire. U.S. Public and Doctors' Misperceptions Revealed in National Survey Demonstrate Urgent Need for Increased Opioid Dependence Awareness. Available at https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-public-and-doctors-misperceptions-revealed-in-national-survey-demonstrate-urgent-need-for-increased-opioid-dependence-awareness-210981471.html. Last accessed August 21, 2024.

4. Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain—United States, 2022. MMWR. 2022;71(3):1-95.

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7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare Administrators: Applying the 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/healthcare-professionals/prescribing/guideline/healthcare-administrators.html. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

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17. Fudin J, Pratt Cleary J, Schatman ME. The MEDD myth: the impact of pseudoscience on pain research and prescribing-guideline development. J Pain Res. 2016;9:153-156.

18. National Forensic Laboratory Information System. Special Report: Opiates and Related Drugs Reported in NFLIS-Drug 2019 Annual Report. Available at https://www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/nflisdata/docs/NFLIS-DRUG_2019_Annual_Report.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

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24. Florida House of Representatives. CS/CS/HB 783 Emergency Opioid Antagonists. Available at https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2023/783/Analyses/h0783z1.HRS.PDF. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

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28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Guidance Portal. Drug Diversion: What is a Prescriber's Role in Preventing the Diversion of Prescription Drugs? Available at https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/DrugDiversionFS022316.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

29. Bolen J. Discharging Patients Who Abuse Controlled Substances. Available at https://www.painmedicinenews.com/Policy-Management/Article/04-06/Discharging-Patients-Who-Abuse-Controlled-Substances/4340. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

30. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug Overdose Deaths: Facts and Figures. Available at https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

31. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Benzodiazepines and Opioids. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

32. Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Dhalla IA, Paterson JM, Juurlink DN. Opioid dose and drug-related mortality in patients with nonmalignant pain. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(7):686-691.

33. American Medical Association. Code of Ethics: Opinion 1.1.5 Terminating a Patient-Physician Relationship. Available at https://code-medical-ethics.ama-assn.org/ethics-opinions/terminating-patient-physician-relationship. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

34. Bachhuber MA, Hennessy S, Cunningham CO, Starrels JL. Increasing benzodiazepine prescriptions and overdose mortality in the United States, 1996–2013. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(4):686-688.

35. FL Health Charts. Overdose. Available at https://www.flhealthcharts.gov/ChartsDashboards/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=SubstanceUse.Overdose. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

36. Rudd RA, Aleshire N, Zibbell JE, Gladden RM. Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths—United States, 2000–2014. MMWR. 2016;64(50):1378-1382.

37. Johnson H, Paulozzi L, Porucznik C, Mack K, Herter B. Decline in drug overdose deaths after state policy changes—Florida, 2010–2012. MMWR. 2014;63(26):569-574.

38. Florida Governor Rick Scott. 17-146 Executive Order directing a Public Health Emergency Re: Opioid Epidemic. Available at https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2017/EO_17-146.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

39. Peterson AB, Gladden RM, Delcher C, et al. Increases in fentanyl-related overdose deaths – Florida and Ohio, 2013–2015. MMWR. 2016;65(33):844-849.

40. Popovich N. A Deadly Crisis: Mapping the Spread of America's Drug Overdose Epidemic. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/society/ng-interactive/2016/may/25/opioid-epidemic-overdose-deaths-map. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

41. Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Drugs Identified in Deceased Persons by Florida Medical Examiners: 2023 Final Report. Available at https://www.fdle.state.fl.us/MEC/Publications-and-Forms/Documents/Drugs-in-Deceased-Persons/2023-Interim-Drug-Report-FINAL. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

42. Jones CM, Paulozzi LJ, Mack KA. Alcohol involvement in opioid pain reliever and benzodiazepine drug abuse-related emergency department visits and drug-related deaths—United States, 2010. MMWR. 2014;63(40):881-885.

43. Scott J. Florida's New Law on Controlled Substance Prescribing. Available at https://www.flmedical.org/Florida/Florida_Public/Docs/FMA-Opioid-HB21.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

44. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. MMWR. 2016;65(1):1-49.

45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Advises Against Misapplication of the Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. Available at https://archive.cdc.gov/#/details?url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/s0424-advises-misapplication-guideline-prescribing-opioids.html. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

46. U.S. Department of Justice Diversion Control Division. Recognizing the Drug Abuser. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/GDP/(DEA-DC-3)%20Recognizing%20the%20Drug%20Abuser.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

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49. Meier B. Increase in Urine Testing Raises Ethical Questions. Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/business/increase-in-urine-testing-raises-ethical-questions.html?_r=0. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

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51. Wallwork RS, Chipidza FE, Stern TA. Obstacles to the prescription and use of opioids. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2016;18(1):10.

52. Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain Working Group. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense; 2017.

53. Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009;10(2):113-130.

54. The Florida Senate. CS/CS/HB 21: Controlled Substances. Available at https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2018/21. Last accessed August 21, 2024.

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57. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Adult Cancer Pain. Version 2.2024. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/pain.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

58. Sundwall DN, Utah Department of Health. Utah Clinical Guidelines on Prescribing Opioids for Treatment of Pain. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Department of Health; 2009.

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60. Federation of State Medical Boards. Model Policy for the Use of Opioid Analgesics in the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Washington, DC: Federation of State Medical Boards; 2013.

61. Cheatle MD, Barker C. Improving opioid prescription practices and reducing patient risk in the primary care setting. J Pain Res. 2014;7:301-311.

62. Nadeau SE. Opioids for chronic noncancer pain. To prescribe or not to prescribe: what is the question? Neurology. 2015;85(7):646-651.

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64. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: part 2—guidance. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):S67-S116.

65. Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the opioid risk tool. Pain Med. 2005;6(6):432-442.

66. Opioid Risk Tool. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/opioidrisktool.pdf. Last accessed August 22, 2024.

67. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, Fanciullo GJ, Jamison RN. Cross-validation of a Screener to Predict Opioid Misuse in Chronic Pain Patients (SOAPP-R). J Addict Med. 2009;3(2):66-73.

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69. Cheattle MD. Risk Assessment: Safe Opioid Prescribing Tools. Available at https://www.medcentral.com/pain/chronic/risk-assessment-safe-opioid-prescribing-tools. Last accessed August 21, 2024.

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76. Strickland JM, Huskey A, Brushwood DB. Pharmacist-physician collaboration in pain management practice. J Opioid Manag. 2007;3:295-301.

77. Tanzi MG. Screening pain prescriptions for safe use with VIGIL. Safeuse. 2015;21(9):68.

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  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.