Works Cited
- Back to Course Home
- Participation Instructions
- Review the course material online or in print.
- Complete the course evaluation.
- Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
1. Yarbro CH, Wujcik D, Gobel BH. Cancer Nursing: Principles and Practice. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2016.
2. Katzel JA, Hari P, Vesote DH. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(5):301-318.
3. Palumbo A, Cavallo F, Gay F, et al. Autologous transplantation and maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(10):895-905.
4. Shane E. Etiology of Hypercalcemia. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-hypercalcemia. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
6. Durie BGM. Multiple Myeloma: Cancer of the Bone Marrow. Concise Review of Relapsed and Refractory Myeloma: 2023 Edition. Available at https://issuu.com/international-myeloma-foundation/docs/concise-review-en? Last accessed February 6, 2024.
7. Bertanha F, Boufelli G, de Camargo OP, et al. Oncologic progression of bone plasmacytomas to multiple myeloma. Clinics. 2006;61(2):139-146.
9. Doss DS. Advances in oral therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2006;10(4):514-520.
10. Tariman JD. Lenalidomide: a new agent for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2007;11(4):569-574.
11. International Myeloma Foundation. [Archive]. Novel Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Patients. Available at https://www.myeloma.org/videos/novel-therapies-multiple-myeloma-patients. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
12. Durie BG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma: correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival. Cancer. 1975;36(3):842-854.
13. American Cancer Society. Getting a Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplant. Available at https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant/process.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
14. American Cancer Society. Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/treating/stem-cell-transplant.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
15. Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, et al. Revised International Staging System for multiple myeloma: a report from International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(26):2863-2869.
16. Shah D. Multiple Myeloma: Clinical Presentation. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-clinical. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
19. Laubach JP. Multiple Myeloma: Clinical Features, Laboratory Manifestations, and Diagnosis. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multiple-myeloma-clinical-features-laboratory-manifestations-and-diagnosis. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
20. National Cancer Institute. Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma) Treatment (PDQ). Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-treatment-pdq. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
21. Zehnder JL. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Indications and Technique. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy-indications-and-technique. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
22. Tariman JD, Estella SM. The changing treatment paradigm in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: implications for nursing. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2005;32(6):E127-E138.
23. American Cancer Society. Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
24. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2024. Available at https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2024/2024-cancer-facts-and-figures-acs.pdf. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
25. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: Myeloma. Available at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
26. Shah D. Multiple Myeloma: Etiology. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-overview#a4. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
27. Barrick MC, Mitchell SA. Multiple myeloma: recent advances for this common plasma cell disorder. AJN. 2001;101:6-12.
28. Goldschmidt H, Lannert H, Bommer J, Ho AD. Multiple myeloma and renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15(3):301-304.
29. Mikhael JR, Dingli D, Roy V, et al. Management of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma: updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) consensus guidelines, 2013. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(4):360-376.
30. Rajkumar SV. Multiple Myeloma: Pathobiology. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multiple-myeloma-pathobiology. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
31. Ballas ZK. Structure of Immunoglobulins. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/structure-of-immunoglobulins. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
32. Manis JP. Overview of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-therapeutic-monoclonal-antibodies. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
33. Chen K, Cerutti A. The function and regulation of immunoglobulin D. Curr Opin Immunol. 2011;23(3):345-352.
34. Gutzeit C, Chen K, Cerutti A. The enigmatic function of IgD: some answers at last. Eur J Immunol. 2018;48(7):1101-1113.
36. Manolagas SC. Normal Skeletal Development and Regulation of Bone Formation and Resorption. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/normal-skeletal-development-and-regulation-of-bone-formation-and-resorption. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
38. Ashcroft AJ, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Aetiology of bone disease and the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4(5):284-292.
39. Berenson JR. Advances in the biology and treatment of myeloma bone disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2001;58(Suppl 3):S16-S20.
40. Osowoski M. Spinal cord compression: an obstructive oncologic emergency. Top Adv Pract Nurs eJournal. 2002;2(4):1-8.
42. Robiana DF, Colon K, Ely S, Ely S, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL. Osteopontin dysregulation and lytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma. Hematological Oncology. 2007;25(5):16-20.
43. Shah D. Multiple Myeloma: Workup. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-workup. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
44. Luukkonen J, Hilli M, Nakamura M, et al. Osteoclasts secrete osteopontin into resorption lacunae during bone resorption. Histochem Cell Biol. 2019;151(6):475-487.
45. Si J, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang B, Zhou Y. Osteopontin in bone metabolism and bone disease. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e919159.
46. Roodman GD. Mechanisms of Bone Metastases. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanisms-of-bone-metastases. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
47. Chantry A, Kazmi M, Barrington S, et al. Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2017;178(3):380-393.
48. Cavo M, Terpos E, Nanni C, et al. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders: a consensus statement by the International Myeloma Working Group. Oncology. 2017;18(4):e206-e217.
49. Dimopoulos MA, Hillengass J, Usmani S, et al. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(6):657-664.
50. Mulligan ME. Multiple Myelomma Imaging. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/391742-overview#a4. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
51. Bergsagel PL, Mateos MV, Gutierrez NC, Rajkumar SV, San Miguel JF. Improving overall survival and overcoming adverse prognosis in the treatment of cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma. Blood. 2013;121(6):884-892.
52. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Multiple Myeloma: Version 2.2024. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
53. American Cancer Society. How is Chronic Lymphocitic Leukemia Diagnosed? Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
54. Fonseca R, Bergsagel PL, Drach J, et al. International Myeloma Working Group molecular classification of multiple myeloma: spotlight review. Leukemia. 2009;23:2210-2221.
55. Chng WJ, Santana-Dávila R, Van Wier SA, et al. Prognostic factors for hyperdiploid-myeloma: effects of chromosome 13 deletions and IgH translocations. Leukemia. 2006;20:807-813.
56. Avet-Louseau H, Daviet A, Sauner S, Bataille R Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome. Chromosome 13 abnormalities in multiple myeloma are mostly monosomy 13. Br J Haematol. 2000;111:1116-1117.
57. Landgren O, Morgan GJ. Biologic frontiers in multiple myeloma: from biomarker identification to clinical practice. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(4):804-813.
58. Chim CS, Kumar SK, Orlowski RZ, et al. Management of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: novel agents, antibodies, immunotherapies and beyond. Leukemia. 2018;32(2):252-262.
59. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology. Del(17p) in Myeloid Malignancies. Available at https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/haematological/1142/del(17p)-in-myeloid-malignancies. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
60. Testing.Com. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy. Available at https://www.testing.com/tests/bone-marrow-aspiration-and-biopsy/. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
61. Russell SJ, Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma and the road to personalised medicine. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:617-619.
62. Parameswaran NH, Mei-Jie Z, Vivek R, et al. Is the International Staging System superior to the Durie Salmon Staging System? A comparison in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous transplant. Leukemia. 2009;23(8):1528-1534.
63. D'Agostino M, Cairms DA, Lahuerta JJ, et al. Second revision of the International Staging System (R2-ISS) for overall survival in multiple myeloma: a European Myeloma Network (EMN) report within the HARMONY project. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(29):3406-3418.
64. ASCO Publications. Revised International Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report From International Myeloma Working Group. Available at https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/jco.2015.61.2267. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
65. American Cancer Society. Multiple Myeloma Stages. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
66. Halfdanarson TR, Hogan WJ, Moynihan TJ. Oncologic emergencies: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2006;81(6): 835-848.
67. American Cancer Society. Survival Rates by Stage for Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
68. Rajkumar SV. Upfront therapy for myeloma: tailoring therapy across the disease spectrum. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2012:508-514.
69. mSMART Treatment Guidelines: Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.msmart.org/mm-treatment-guidelines. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
70. ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group. ECOG Performance Status Scale. Available at https://ecog-acrin.org/resources/ecog-performance-status. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
71. Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E, Chanan-Khan A, et al. Renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus statement on behalf of the International Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(33):4976-4984.
72. Field-Smith A, Morgan GJ, Davies FE. Bortezomib (Velcade) in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2006;2(3):271-279.
73. Shah D. Multiple Myeloma: Treatment and Management. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-treatment. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
74. International Myeloma Foundation. Role of Transplant. Available at https://www.myeloma.org/autologous-stem-cell-transplant. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
75. LexiComp Online. Available at https://online.lexi.com/action/login. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
76. Richardson PG, Weller E, Lonial S, et al. Lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Blood. 2010;116(5):679-686.
77. Zonder JA, Crowley J, Hussein MA, et al. Superiority of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone (HD) compared to HD alone as treatment of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM): results of the randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled SWOG Trial S0232. Blood. 2007;110:77
78. Rajkumar SV, Jacobus S, Callander N, et al. A randomized phase III trial of lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone versus lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (E4A03): a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Blood. 2006;108:799.
79. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Daratumumab and Hyaluronidase-Fihj for Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-daratumumab-and-hyaluronidase-fihj-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
80. Ning YM, He K, Dagher R, et al. Liposomal doxorubicin in combination with bortezomib for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Oncology. 2007;21(12):1503-1508.
81. Chu E, DeVita VT (eds). Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual. 18th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2018.
82. Rodriguez AL, Tariman JD, Enecio T, Estrella SM. The role of high-dose chemotherapy supported by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: implications for nursing. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2007;11(4):569-589.
83. Kyle RA, Yee GC, Somerfield MR, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 clinical practice guideline update on the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(17):2464-2472.
85. Xu XL, Gou WL, Wang AY, et al. Basic research and clinical applications of bisphosphonates in bone disease: what have we learned over the last 40 years? J Transl Med. 2013;11:303.
86. Terpos E, Zamagni E, Lentzsch S, et al. Treatment of multiple myeloma-related bone disease: recommendations from the Bone Working Group of the International Myeloma Working Group. Lancet Oncology. 2021;22(3):E119-E130.
87. Mangan P, Bernstein S. Managing Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Where are We Now? Highlights from a Satellite Symposium Held during the 32nd Annual Congress of the Oncology Nursing Society. Pittsburg, PA: Oncology Nursing Society; 2007.
88. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Position Paper: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw—2022 Update. Available at https://www.aaoms.org/docs/govt_affairs/advocacy_white_papers/mronj_position_paper.pdf. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
89. Goldman DA. Thalidomide use: past history and current implications for practice. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001;28(3):471-477.
90. Rajkumar SV, Gertz MA, Kyle RA, Greipp PR. Current therapy for multiple myeloma. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2002;77(8):813-822.
91. Rao KV. Lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(17):1799-1807.
92. Dimopoulous MA, Anagnostopoulos A, Weber D. Treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias with thalidomide and its derivatives. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(23):4444-4454.
93. Ghobrial J, Ghobrial IM, Mitsiades C, et al. Novel therapeutic avenues in myeloma: changing the treatment paradigm. Oncology. 2007;21(7):785-792.
94. Tariman JD. Thalidomide: current therapeutic uses and management of its toxicities. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2003;7(2):143-147.
96. MedlinePlus. Thalidomide. Available at https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699032.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
97. Weber D. Thalidomide and its derivatives: new promises for multiple myeloma. Cancer Control. 2003;10(5):375-383.
98. National Cancer Institute. Thalidomide. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/thalidomide. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
99. Zaidi AA, Vesote DH. Multiple myeloma: an old disease with new hope for the future. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51(5):273-285.
100. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Lenalidomide (Revlimid). Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/lenalidomide-revlimid. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
101. International Myeloma Foundation. Revlimid (Lenalidomide). Available at https://www.myeloma.org/revlimid-lenalidomide. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
102. Revlimid. Patient Resources. Available at https://www.lenalidomiderems.com/index.html. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
103. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Safety Review Update of Cancer Drug Revlimid (Lenalidomide) and Risk of Developing New Types of Malignancies. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-safety-review-update-cancer-drug-revlimid-lenalidomide-and-risk. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
104. Mitchell BS. The proteasome—an emerging therapeutic target in cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;26(384):2597-2599.
105. Colson K, Doss DS, Swift R, Tariman J, Thomas TE. Bortezomib, a newly approved proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma: nursing implications. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2004;8(5):473-480.
106. Reece D, Kouroukis T, Haynes AI, Imrie K. Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma. Toronto: Cancer Care Ontario; 2008.
107. Grammatico S, Cesini L, Petrucci MT. Managing treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Lymphat Cancer. 2016;6:37-47.
108. National Cancer Institute. FDA Approves Expanded Indication for Carfilzomib in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2015/carfilzomib-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
109. National Cancer Institute. Pomalidomide. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs/pomalidomide. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
110. National Cancer Institute. FDA Approves Panobinosta for Some Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2015/fda-approves-panobinostat#. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
111. San-Miguel JF, Hungria VT, Yoon SS, et al. Panobinostat plus bortezomib and dexamethasone versus placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):1195-1206.
112. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves New Therapy for Patients with Previously Treated Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-therapy-patients-previously-treated-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
113. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Isatuximab-irfc for Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-isatuximab-irfc-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
114. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First Cell-Based Gene Therapy for Adult Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-cell-based-gene-therapy-adult-patients-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
115. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-ciltacabtagene-autoleucel-relapsed-or-refractory-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
116. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Granta Accelerated Approval to Elranatamab-BCMM for Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-elranatamab-bcmm-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
117. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Teclistamab-cqyv for Relased or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-teclistamab-cqyv-relapsed-or-refractory-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
118. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Grants Accelerated Approval to Talquetamab-tgvs for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-grants-accelerated-approval-talquetamab-tgvs-relapsed-or-refractory-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
119. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves Selinexor for Refractory or Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-selinexor-refractory-or-relapsed-multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
120. Rajkumar SV. Multiple Myeloma: Use of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/multiple-myeloma-use-of-autologous-hematopoietic-cell-transplantation. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
121. Imrie K, Rumble RB, Crump M, Advisory Panel on Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology Disease Site Group. Stem Cell Transplantation in Adults: Recommendations. Toronto: Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care; 2009.
122. Negrin RS. Patient Education: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Bone Marrow Transplantation). Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hematopoietic-cell-transplantation-bone-marrow-transplantation-beyond-the-basics. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
123. Perumbeti A. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/208954-overview. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
124. Cleveland Clinic. Graft vs. Host Disease. Available at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10255-graft-vs-host-disease-an-overview-in-bone-marrow-transplant. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
125. NMDP. Be the Match Registry Recruitment and Availability. Available at https://bethematch.org/about-us/how-we-help-patients/be-the-match-registry/. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
126. Be the Match. HLA Matching Guidelines for Selecting Unrelated Donors and CBUs for HCT. Available at https://bethematchclinical.org/resources-and-education/education-courses-and-events/cme-activities/applying-matching-guidelines/. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
127. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Available at https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/stem-cell-transplantation/reduced-intensity-allogeneic-stem-cell. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
128. Gerull S, Goerner M, Benner A, et al. Long-term outcome of nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005;36(11):963-969.
129. Vesole DH, Zhang L, Flomenberg N, Greipp PR, Lazarus HM, Huff CA. A phase II trial of autologous stem cell transplantation followed by mini-allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: an analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ECOG E4A98 and E1A97. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(1):83-91.
130. Björkstrand B, Iocabelli S, Hegenbart U, et al. Tandem autologous/reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem-cell transplantation versus autologous translantation in myeloma: long-term follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2010;29(22):7312.
132. Paul B, Lipe B, Ocio EM, Usmani SZ. Induction therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019;38(39).
133. Lytvynova O, Jwayyed J, Hameed M, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for induction treatment of newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma patients: a scoping review. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl 1):6590.
134. Moreau P, Hullin C, Garban F, et al. Tandem autologous stem cell transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma: final results of the prospective and randomized IFM 99-04 protocol. Blood. 2006;107(1):397-403.
135. Harousseau JL, Attal M, Avet-Loiseau H, et al. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone is superior to vincristine plus doxorubicin plus dexamethasone as induction treatment prior to autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the IFM 2005-01 phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(30):4621-4629.
136. Cavo M, Tacchetti P, Patriarca F, et al. Bortezomib with thalidomide plus dexamethasone compared with thalidomide plus dexamethasone as induction therapy before, and consolidation therapy after, double autologous stem-cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a randomised phase 3 study. Lancet. 2010;376(9758):2075-2085.
137. Scott K, Hayden PJ, Will A, Wheatley K, Coyne I. Bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;CD010816.
138. Reiffers J, Goldman JM, Armitage JO (eds). Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. London: Martin Dunitz Ltd; 1998.
139. Hartmann T, Hübel K, Monsef I, Engert A, Skoetz N. Additional plerixafor to granulocyte colony-stimulating factors for haematopoietic stem cell mobilization for autologous transplantation in people with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD010615.
140. Salvino MA, Ruiz J. Hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization for autologous transplantation: a literature review. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2016;38(1):28-36.
141. The ASCO Post Staff. FDA Approves New Multiple Myeloma Combination Therapy. Available at https://ascopost.com/news/september-2023/fda-approves-new-multiple-myeloma-combination-therapy/. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
142. National Cancer Institute. Motixafortide May Improve Stem Cell Transplants for People with Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2023/motixafortide-multiple-myeloma-stem-cell-transplant. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
143. Blanes M, Lahuerta JJ, González JD, et al. Intravenous busulfan and melphalan as a conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a matched comparison to a melphalan-only approach. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013;19(1):69-74.
144. El-Ghammaz AMS, Abdelwahed E. Bortezomib-based induction improves progression-free survival of myeloma patients harboring 17p deletion and/or t(4;14) and overcomes their adverse prognosis. Ann Hematol. 2016;95(8):1315-1321.
145. McCarthy PL, Owzar K, Hofmeister CC, et al. Lenalidomide after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(19):1770-1781.
146. Attal M, Lauwers-Cances V, Marit G, et al. Lenalidomide maintenance after stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(19):1782-1791.
147. International Myeloma Foundation. Understanding Stem Cell Transplant. North Hollywood, CA: International Myeloma Foundation; 2007.
148. Merck Manual. Multiple Myeloma. Available at https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/plasma-cell-disorders/multiple-myeloma. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
149. Merck Manual. Hypercalcemia. Available at https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-disorders/hypercalcemia. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
150. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer. Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Diagnosis and Management of Adults at Risk of and with Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2008.
151. Flounders JA, Ott BB. Oncology emergency modules: spinal cord compression. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2003;30(1):E17-E23.
152. Osowski M. Spinal cord compression: an obstructive oncologic emergency. Topics Adv Pract Nurse J. 2002;2(4).
153. Dugas AF, Lucas JM, Edlow JA. Diagnosis of spinal cord compression in nontrauma patients in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(7):719-725.
154. Kyriakou C, Molloy S, Vrionis F, et al. The role of cement augmentation with percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma: a consensus statement from the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). Blood Cancer J. 2019;9(3):27.
156. Papanastassiou ID, Vrionis FD. Is early vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty justified in multiple myeloma given the rapid vertebral fracture progression. Spine J. 2016;16(7):833-834.
157. Malhotra K, Butler JS, Yu HM, et al. Spinal disease in myeloma: cohort analysis at a specialist spinal surgery centre indicates benefit of early surgical augmentation or bracing. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:444.
158. Padovani B, Kasriel O, Brunner P, Peretti-Viton P. Pulmonary embolism caused by acrylic cement: a rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty. Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:375-377.
159. Eck JC, Nachtigall D, Humphreys SC, Hodges SD. Comparison of vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of the literature. Spine. 2008;8(3):488-497.
160. Rajkumar SV, Kaplan AA, Leung N. Kidney Disease in Multiple Myeloma and Other Monoclonal Gammopathies: Treatment and Prognosis. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kidney-disease-in-multiple-myeloma-and-other-monoclonal-gammopathies-treatment-and-prognosis. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
161. Rajkumar SV. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/monoclonal-immunoglobulin-deposition-disease. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
162. Leung N, Appel GB, Rajkumar SV. Kidney Disease in Multiple Myeloma and Other Monoclonal Gammopathies: Etiology and Evaluation. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/kidney-disease-in-multiple-myeloma-and-other-monoclonal-gammopathies-etiology-and-evaluation. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
163. Parmar MS. Light Chain-Associated Renal Disorders. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244082-overview. Last accessed February 6, 2024.
164. Wu TH, Li KJ, Yu CL, Tsai CY. Tamm-Horsfall protein is a potent immunomodulatory molecule and a disease biomarker in the urinary system. Molecules. 2018;23(1):200.
165. Patras KA, Coady A, Olson J, et al. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein engages human Siglec-9 to modulate neutrophil activation in the urinary tract. Immunol Cell Biol. 2017;95(10):960-965.
166. Qayum A, Aleem A, Al Diab AR, Niaz F, Al Momen AK. Rapid improvement in renal function in patients with multiple myeloma and renal failure treated with bortezomib. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2010;21(1):63-68.
167. Morabito F, Gentile M, Ciolli S, et al. Safety and efficacy of bortezomib-based regimens for multiple myeloma patients with renal impairment: a retrospective study of Italian Myeloma Network. GIMEMA. 2010;84(3):223-228.
168. Dimopoulos MA, Roussou M, Gavriatopoulou M, et al. Reversibility of renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib-based regimens: identification of predictive factors. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9(4):302-306.
- Back to Course Home
- Participation Instructions
- Review the course material online or in print.
- Complete the course evaluation.
- Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.