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Responsibilities and Requirements of Prescribing Schedule II Opioid Drugs

Course #55290 - $18-

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    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
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1. Federation of State Medical Boards. Guidelines for the Chronic Use of Opioid Analgesics. Washington, DC: The Federation of State Medical Boards; 2017.

2. Institute of Medicine, Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education. Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.

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4. Owen GT, Burton AW, Schade CM, Passik S. Urine drug testing: current recommendations and best practices. Pain Physician. 2012;15:ES119-ES133.

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dental Pain Care. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/healthcare-professionals/prescribing/dental-pain.html. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

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8. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Drug Abuse Warning Network, 2011: National Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014.

9. Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain Working Group. VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense; 2017.

10. Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. MMWR. 2016;65(1):1-49.

11. Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, et al. Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain. J Pain. 2009;10(2):113-130.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About CDC's Opioid Prescribing Guideline. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/prescribing/guideline.html. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

13. Argoff CE, Silvershein DI. A comparison of long- and short-acting opioids for the treatment of chronic noncancer pain: tailoring therapy to meet patient needs. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(7):602-612.

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16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Medication Guides: Distribution Requirements and Inclusion in Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS). Available at https://www.fda.gov/media/79776/download. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

17. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: part 2—guidance. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):S67-S116.

18. Cheattle MD. Risk Assessment: Safe Opioid Prescribing Tools. Available at https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/resource-centers/opioid-prescribing-monitoring/risk-assessment-safe-opioid-prescribing-tools. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

19. Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez KC, Fanciullo GJ, Jamison RN. Cross-validation of a Screener to Predict Opioid Misuse in Chronic Pain Patients (SOAPP-R). J Addict Med. 2009;3(2):66-73.

20. Singer JA. Harm Reduction: Shifting from a War on Drugs to a War on Drug-Related Deaths. Available at https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/harm-reduction-shifting-war-drugs-war-drug-related-deaths. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

21. Fine PG, Finnegan T, Portenoy RK. Protect your patients, protect your practice: practical risk assessment in the structuring of opioid therapy in chronic pain. J Fam Pract. 2010;59(9 Suppl 2):S1-S16.

22. Katz NP. Opioid Prescribing Toolkit: A Workbook for Clinicians. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2010.

23. American Chronic Pain Association. ACPA– Stanford Resource Guide to Pain Management: 2020 Edition. Available at https://www.theacpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ACPA-Resource-Guide-2020-2-26-2020.pdf. Last accessed April 22, 2021.

24. Strickland JM, Huskey A, Brushwood DB. Pharmacist-physician collaboration in pain management practice. J Opioid Manag. 2007;3:295-301.

25. Brushwood DB. Screening Controlled Substance Prescriptions for Legitimacy: The VIGIL System. Available at http://www.empaa.org/downloads/EMPAA2010/presentation/BrushwoodDavid_VIGIL_EMPAA2010.pdf. Last accessed April 22, 2021.

26. Miner J, Babitz M, Dunn A, Fondario A, Smith M. Utah Clinical Guidelines on Prescribing Opioids for Treatment of Pain. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Department of Health; 2018.

27. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Warns About Dental Problems with Buprenorphine Medicines Dissolved in the Mouth to Treat Opioid Use Disorder and Pain. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-warns-about-dental-problems-buprenorphine-medicines-dissolved-mouth-treat-opioid-use-disorder. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

28. Kaye AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, et al. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse (part 2). Pain Physician. 2017;20(Supp 2):S111-S133.

29. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Opioid Abuse. Available at https://www.asahq.org/madeforthismoment/pain-management/opioid-treatment/opioid-abuse. Last accessed April 22, 2021.

30. American Dental Association. Helping Dental Professionals Identify and Support Patients with Substance Use Disorders Available at https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/practice/health-and-wellness/helping_dental_professionals_identify_and_sup.pdf. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

31. Federal Drug Administration. Safe Opioid Disposal: Remove the Risk Outreach Toolkit. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/ensuring-safe-use-medicine/safe-opioid-disposal-remove-risk-outreach-toolkit. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

32. Oliver J, Coggins C, Compton P, et al. American Society for Pain Management Nursing position statement: pain management in patients with substance use disorders. Pain Manage Nurs. 2012;13(3):169-183.

33. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Analysis of Long-Term Trends in Prescription Opioid Analgesic Products: Quantity, Sales, and Price Trends. Available at https://www.fda.gov/media/111695/download. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

34. Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain—United States, 2022. MMWR. 2022;71(3);1-95.

35. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drug Scheduling. Available at https://www.dea.gov/drug-scheduling. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

36. Hannon K. The Prescription Drug Crisis in New York State: A Comprehensive Approach. Available at https://www.scribd.com/doc/82474334/Prescription-Drug-Abuse-Crisis-in-NYS-Comprehensive-Approach-New. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

37. American Medical Association. Code of Ethics: Opinion 1.1.5 Terminating the Patient-Physician Relationship. Available at https://www.ama-assn.org/sites/ama-assn.org/files/corp/media-browser/code-of-medical-ethics-chapter-1.pdf. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

38. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Drug Diversion: What Is a Prescriber's Role in Preventing the Diversion of Prescription Drugs? Available at https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/document/drug-diversion-what-prescribers-role-preventing-diversion-prescription-drugs. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

39. Lovegrove MC, Dowell D, Geller AI, et al. US emergency department visits for acute harms from prescription opioid use, 2016–2017. Am J Pub Health. 2019;109:784-791.

40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Advises Against Misapplication of the Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/s0424-advises-misapplication-guideline-prescribing-opioids.html. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

41. Loeser JD, Schatman ME. Chronic pain management in medical education: a disastrous omission. Postgrad Med. 2017;129(3):332-335.

42. Donovan DM, Ingalsbe MH, Benbow J, Daley DC. 12-step interventions and mutual support programs for substance use disorders: an overview. Soc Work Public Health. 2013;28(3-4):313-332.

43. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Diversion Control. Don't Be Scammed By A Drug Abuser. Available at https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/brochures/drugabuser.htm. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

44. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Benzodiazepines and Opioids. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/benzodiazepines-opioids. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

45. Holliday S, Hayes C, Dunlop A. Opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain. Part 2: prescribing issues and alternatives. Australian Family Physician. 2013;42:104-111.

46. Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Whitcomb L, et al. A new tool to assess and document pain outcomes in chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy. Clin Ther. 2004;26:552-561.

47. Passik SD. Issues in long-term opioid therapy: unmet needs, risks, and solutions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:593-601.

48. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Minimizing the Misuse of Prescription Opioids in Patients with Chronic Nonmalignant Pain. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/nidamed/centers-excellence/resources/minimizing-misuse-prescription-opioids-in-patients-chronic-nonmalignant-pain. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

49. American College of Preventive Medicine. Use, Abuse, Misuse and Disposal of Prescription Pain Medication Patient Guide. Available at http://www.yuma.usmc-mccs.org/mccsyuma/assets/File/Drug%20Facts%20Sheets/painmedsclinicalreference.pdf. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

50. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Disposal of Unused Medicines: What You Should Know. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/safe-disposal-medicines/disposal-unused-medicines-what-you-should-know. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

51. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2019-nsduh-detailed-tables. Last accessed January 12, 2024.

52. Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Citation

53. Manchikanti L, Abdi S, Atluri S, et al. American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: part 2—guidance. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 Suppl):S67-S116. Available at https://painphysicianjournal.com/2012/july/2012;%2015;S67-S116.pdf. Last accessed January 24, 2024.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
Add to Order
Complete for Credit
Read Course Content