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Clostridioides difficile Infection

Course #54614-

5
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  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MRSA: Healthcare Settings. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/healthcare/index.html. Last accessed August 28, 2023.

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12. Reagan J, Herzig CTA, Pogorzelska-Maziarz M, Dick AW, Stone PW, Srinath JD. State law mandates reporting of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infections in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36(3):350-352.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface. 2021 Annual Report for the Emerging Infections Program for Clostridioides difficile Infection. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/hai/eip/Annual-CDI-Report-2021.html. Last accessed August 28, 2023.

14. Guh AY, Yi M, Winston LG, et al. Trends in U.S. burden of Clostridioides difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1320-1330.

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20. Olson MM, Shanholtzer CJ, Lee JT Jr, Gerding DN. Ten years of prospective Clostridium difficile-associated disease surveillance and treatment at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1982–1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994;15(6):371-381.

21. Carrico RM, Archibald LK, Bryant K, et al. Guide to the Elimination of Clostridium difficile in Healthcare Settings. Washington, DC: Association for Infection Control Professionals; 2008.

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24. Johnson S, Lavergne V, Skinner AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): 2021 focused update guidelines on management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(5):e1029-e1044.

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26. McDonald LC, Lessa F, Sievert D, et al. Vital signs: preventing Clostridium difficile infections. MMWR. 2012;61(9):157-162.

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28. Dalton BR, Lye-MacCannell T, Henderson EA, MacCannell DR, Louie TJ. Proton pump inhibitors increase significantly the risk of Clostridium difficile infection in a low-endemicity, non-outbreak hospital setting. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(6):626-634.

29. Howell MD, Novack V, Grgurich P, et al. Iatrogenic gastric acid suppression and the risk of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(9):784-790.

30. Barletta JF, El-Ibiary SY, Davis LE, Nguyen B, Raney CR. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk for hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(10):1085-1090.

31. Tariq R, Singh S, Gupta A, Pardi DS, Khanna S. Association of gastric acid suppression with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(6):784-791.

32. Stoesser N, Eyre DW, Quan TP, et al. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in infants in Oxfordshire, UK: risk factors for colonization and carriage, and genetic overlap with regional C. difficileinfection strains. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182307.

33. Nicholson MR, Thomsen IP, Edwards KM. Controversies surrounding Clostridium difficile infection in infants and young children. Children (Basel). 2014;1(1):40-47.

34. Bryant K, McDonald C. Clostridium difficile infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(2):145-146.

35. Cózar-Llistó A, Ramos-Martinez A, Cabo J. Clostridium difficile infection in special high-risk populations. Infect Dis Ther. 2016;5(3):253-269.

36. Unger JA, Whimbey E, Gravett MG, Eschenbach DA. The emergence of Clostridium difficile infection among peripartum women: a case-control study of a C. difficile outbreak on an obstetrical service. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(3):206-211.

37. McDonald LC, Coignard B, Dubberke E, et al. Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:140-145.

38. Blixt T, Gradel KO, Homann C, et al. Asymptomatic carriers contribute to nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection: a cohort study of 4508 patients. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:1031-1041.

39. Alam MJ, Walk ST, Endres BT, et al. Community environmental contamination of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(1):ofx018.

40. Alam MJ, Anu A, Walk ST, Garey KW. Investigation of potentially pathogenic Clostridium difficile contamination in household environs. Anaerobe. 2014;27:31-33.

41. Esfandiari Z, Weese S, Ezzatpanah H, Jalali M, Chamani M. Occurrence of Clostridium difficile in seasoned hamburgers and seven processing plants in Iran. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14:283.

42. Furuya-Kanamori L, Riley TV, Paterson DL, et al. Comparison of Clostridium difficile ribotypes circulating in Australian hospitals and communities. J Clin Microbiol. 2016;55(1):216-225.

43. Songer JG, Trinh HT, Killgore GE, Thompson AD, McDonald LC, Limbago BM. Clostridium difficile in retail meat products, USA, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(5):819-821.

44. Kwon JH, Lanzas C, Reske KA, et al. An evaluation of food as a potential source for Clostridium difficile acquisition in hospitalized patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(12):1401-1407.

45. Gerding DN, Johnson S, Peterson LR, Mulligan ME, Silva Jr J. SHEA Position Paper: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16(8):459-477.

46. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Acute Nonlocalized Abdominal Pain: Revised 2018. Available at https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69467/Narrative. Last accessed August 28, 2023.

47. Cornely OA, Miller MA, Louie TJ, et al. Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(Suppl 2):S154.

48. Chilton CH, Crowther GS, Ashwin H, Longshaw CM, Wilcox MH. Association of fidaxomicin with C. difficile spores: effects of persistence on subsequent spore recovery, outgrowth and toxin production. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0161200.

49. Manthey CF, Eckmann L, Fuhrmann V. Therapy for Clostridium difficile infection—any news beyond metronidazole and vancomycin? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017;11:1-12.

50. Slayton ET, Hay AS, Babcock CK, Long TE. New antibiotics in clinical trials for Clostridium difficile. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016;25:1-12.

51. Bassères E, Endres BT, Dotson KM, Alam MJ, Garey KW. Novel antibiotics in development to treat Clostridium difficile infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017;33(1):1-7.

52. Collins DA, Riley TV. Ridinilazole: a novel, narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent targeting Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2022;75(3):526-536.

53. Muhammad A, Simcha W, Rawish F, Sabih R, Albert E, Ali N. Cadazolid vs vancomycin for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: systematic review with meta-analysis. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2020;15(1):4-10.

54. McFarland LV. Probiotics for the primary and secondary prevention of C. difficile infections: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2015;4(2):160-178.

55. Kassam Z, Lee CH, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):500-508.

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59. Johnson PDR, Rhea M, Burrell LJ, et al. Efficacy of an alcohol/chlorhexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with high rates of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Med J Aust. 2005;183(10):509-514.

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62. United States Environmental Protection Agency. List K: Antimicrobial Products Registered with EPA for Claims Against Clostridium difficile Spores. Available at https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-k-antimicrobial-products-registered-epa-claims-against-clostridium. Last accessed August 28, 2023.

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  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
Complete for Credit
Read Course Content