Works Cited

Men's Health Issues

Course #53764-

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.

1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health, United States, 2019: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2021.

2. White A, Holmes M. Patterns of mortality across 44 countries among men and women aged 15–44 years. J Mens Health Gender. 2006;3(2):139-151.

3. Rieker PP, Bird CE. Rethinking gender differences in health: why we need to integrate social and biological perspectives. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60(Special Issue II):S40-S47.

4. Addis M, Mahalik JR. Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. Am Psychol. 2003;58(1):5-14.

5. Galdas PM, Cheater F, Marshall P. Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;49(6):616-623.

6. Rankin T. Andrology as the medical specialty to focus medical training on men's health? J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(1):45-48.

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death: Males, All Races and Origins—United States, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/lcod/men/2018/all-races-origins/index.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death in Females, United States. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/index.htm. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics: Men's Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mens-health.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics: Women's Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/womens-health.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Equity: Leading Causes of Death, Males—United States, 2018. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/lcod/men/2018/index.html. Last accessed May 28,2022.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death, Females—United States, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/2018/all-races-origins/index.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death, Males—Non-Hispanic Black—United States, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/lcod/men/2018/nonhispanic-black/index.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death, Males—Hispanic—United States, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/lcod/men/2018/hispanic/index.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading Causes of Death, Males— American Indian/Alaska Native—United States, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/lcod/men/2018/hispanic/index.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

16. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):7-33.

17. Courtenay WH. Key determinants of the health and well-being of men and boys. InternatJ Mens Health. 2003;2(1):1-30.

18. Mahalik JR, Lagan HD, Morrison JA. Health behaviors and masculinity in Kenyan and US male college students. Psychol Men Masculin. 2006;7(4):191-202.

19. Mahalik JR, Burns SM, Syzdek M. Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviors as predictors of men's health behaviors. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(11):2201-2209.

20. Peerson A, Saunders M. Men's health literacy: advancing evidence and priorities. Crit Pub Health. 2009;19(3&4):441-456.

21. Kutner M, Greenberg E, Jin Y, Paulsen C. The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics; 2006.

22. Gilchrist J, Ballesteros MF. Vital signs: unintentional deaths among persons aged 0–19 years—United States, 2000–2009. MMWR. 2012;61(15):270-276.

23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2019. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2020;69(Suppl 1):1-88.

24. U.S. Department of Transportation. Occupant Restraint Use in 2020: Results from the NOPUS Controlled Intersection Study. Washington, DC: National Highway Safety Administration; 2021.

25. Petrosky E, Ertl A, Sheats KJ, Wilson R, Betz CJ, Blair JM. Surveillance for violent deaths—National Violent Death Reporting System, 34 states, Four California Counties, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2017. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2020;69(8):1-37.

26. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Summary, 2020. Available at https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cfoi.nr0.htm. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

27. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2017.

28. Oliffe JL, Phillips MJ. Men, depression and masculinities: a review and recommendations. J Mens Health. 2008;5(3):194-202.

29. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. The NSDUH Report: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Substance Use. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2007.

30. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2020 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Releases. Available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/release/2020-national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh-releases. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

31. Higgins ST, Kurti AN, Redner R, et al. A literature review on prevalence of gender differences and intersections with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use in the United States, 2004–2014. Prev Med. 2015;80:89-100.

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol and Public Health. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

34. Reid M, Fiellin DA, O'Connor PG. Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in primary care. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(15):1681-1689.

35. Gast J, Peak T. "It used to be that if it weren't broken and bleeding profusely, I would never go to the doctor:" men, masculinity, and health. Am J Mens Health. 2011;5(4):318-331.

36. Tannenbaum C, Frank B. Masculinity and health in late life men. Am J Mens Health. 2011;5(3):243-254.

37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary Health Statistics Tables for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2018. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/shs/tables.htm. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

38. Kaiser Family Foundation. Gender Differences in Health Care, Status, and Use: Spotlight on Men's Health. Available at https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/gender-differences-in-health-care-status-and-use-spotlight-on-mens-health/. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

39. Viera AJ, Pathman DE, Garrett JM. Adults' lack of a usual source of care: a matter of preference? Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(4): 359-365.

40. Peak T, Gast J, Ahlstrom D. A needs assessment of Latino men's health concerns. Am J Mens Health. 2010;4(1):22-32.

41. Sanders Thompson VL, Talley M, Caito N, Kreuter M. African American men's perceptions of factors influencing health-information seeking. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(1):6-15.

42. Davis JL, Buchanan KL, Katz PV, Green BL. Gender differences in cancer screening beliefs, behaviors, and willingness to participate: implications for health promotion. Am J Mens Health. 2012;6(3):211-217.

43. Reynolds D. Prostate cancer screening in African American men: barriers and methods for improvement. Am J Mens Health. 2008;2(2):172-177.

44. Elder KT, Wiltshire JC, McRoy L, Campbell D, Gary LC, Safford M. Men and differences by racial/ethnic group in self-advocacy during the medical encounter. J Mens Health. 2010;7(2):135-144.

45. Sadovsky R, Levine L. Men's healthcare needs improvements: a recommendation for a midlife men's health assessment visit. J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(3):375-381.

46. Committee on Health Literacy, Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health. Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2004.

47. Jeppesen KM, Coyle JD, Miser WF. Screening questions to predict limited health literacy: a cross-sectional study of patients with diabetes mellitus. Ann Fam Med. 2009;7(1):24-31.

48. Shah LC, West P, Bremmeyr K, Savoy-Moore RT. Health literacy instrument in family medicine: the "newest vital sign" ease of use and correlates. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010;23(2):195-203.

49. Weiss BD, Mays MZ, Martz W, et al. Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: the Newest Vital Sign. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(6):514-522.

50. U.S. Census Bureau. Language Spoken at Home: 2-16-2020 American Community Survey (ACS). Available at https://www.census.gov/acs/www/about/why-we-ask-each-question/language. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

51. Karliner L, Napoles-Springer AM, Schillinger D, Bibbins-Domingo K, Pérez-Stable EJ. Identification of limited English proficient patients in clinical care. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(10):1555-1560.

52. Sevilla Matir J, Willis DR. Using bilingual staff members as interpreters. Fam Pract Manage. 2004;11(7):34-36.

53. Ngo-Metzger Q, Massagli MP, Clarridge BR, et al. Linguistic and cultural barriers to care: perspectives of Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(1):44-52.

54. Flores G. Language barriers to health care in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):229-231.

55. Flores G. The impact of medical interpreter services on the quality of health care: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev. 2005;62(3):255-299.

56. Karliner L, Jacobs EA, Chen AH, Mutha S. Do professional interpreters improve clinical care for patients with limited English proficiency? A systematic review of the literature. Health Serv Res. 2007;42(2):727-754.

57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2020/overview.htm. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

58. Knight D, Jarrett D. Preventive health care for men who have sex with men. Am Fam Phys. 2015;91(12):844-852.

59. Litwin M, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ Jr, et al. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. J Urol. 1999;162(2):369-375.

60. Krieger JN, Nyberg L Jr, Nickel JC. NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis. JAMA. 1999;282(3):236-237.

61. Schaeffer AJ. Chronic prostatitis and the chronic pelvic pain syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(16):1690-1698.

62. Muller A, Mulhall JP. Sexual dysfunction in the patient with prostatitis. Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7(4):307-312.

63. Anderson R, Wise D, Sawyer T, Chan CA. Sexual dysfunction in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: improvement after trigger point release and paradoxical relaxation training. J Urol. 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1534-1538, 1539.

64. Propert K, McNaughton-Collins M, Leiby BE, et al. A prospective study of symptoms and quality of life in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort study. J Urol. 2006;175(2):619-623.

65. Turner J, Ciol MA, Von Korff M, Berger R. Health concerns of patients with nonbacterial prostatitis/pelvic pain. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(9):1054-1059.

66. Krieger JN, Lee SW, Jeon J, Cheah PY, Liong ML, Riley DE. Epidemiology of prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31 (Suppl 1):S85-S90.

67. Turek PJ. Prostatitis. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/785418-overview. Last accessed May 6, 2019.

68. Pontari M, McNaughton-Collins M, O'Leary MP, et al. A case-control study of risk factors in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. BJU Int. 2005;96(4):559-565.

69. Watson RA. Chronic Pelvic Pain in Men. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437745-overview. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

70. Grabe M, Bishop MC, Bjerklund-Johansen TE, et al. Guidelines on the Management of Urinary and Male Genital Tract Infections. Arnhem: European Association of Urology; 2008.

71. Turner J, Ciol MA, Von Korff M, Berger R. Validity and responsiveness of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. J Urol. 2003;169(2):580-583.

72. Meares E, Stamey TA. Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis. Invest Urol. 1968;5(5):492-518.

73. Murphy AB, Nadler RB. Pharmacotherapy strategies in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome management. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(8):1255-1261.

74. Schiller DS, Parikh A. Identification, pharmacologic considerations, and management of prostatitis. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011;9(1):37-48.

75. Anothaisintawee T, Attia J, Nickel JC, et al. Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(1):78-86.

76. Cohen JM, Fagin AP, Hariton E, et al. Therapeutic intervention for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e41941.

77. Aboumarzouk OM, Nelson RL. Pregabalin for chronic prostatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;8:CD009063.

78. Lerner LB, McVary, KT, Barry MJ et al: Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia: AUA guideline part I, initial work-up and medical management. J Urol. 2021;206:806-817.

79. Beckman TJ, Mynderse LA. Evaluation and medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80(10):1356-1362.

80. McVary KT. BPH: epidemiology and comorbidities. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12(5 Suppl):S122-S128.

81. Lim KB. Epidemiology of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. Asian J Urol. 2017;4(3):148-151.

82. Wei JT, Calhoun E, Jacobsen SJ. Urologic Diseases in America Project: benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2005;173(4):1256-1261.

83. Calogero AE, Burgio G, Condorelli RA, Cannarella R, La Vignera S. Epidemiology and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction. Aging Male. 2019;22(1):12-19.

84. Hoke GP, McWilliams GW. Epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and comorbidities in racial and ethnic minority populations. Am J Med. 2008;121(8 Suppl 2):S3-S10.

85. Lam JS, Cooper KL, Kaplan SA. Changing aspects in the evaluation and treatment of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Med Clin North Am. 2004;88(2):281-308.

86. Barry MJ, Fowler FJ Jr, O'Leary MP, et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. J Urol. 1992;148(5):1549-1557, 1564.

87. Deters LA. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Treatment and Management. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-treatment. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

88. Marks LS, Gittelman MC, Hill LA, et al. Rapid efficacy of the highly selective α(1A)-adrenoceptor antagonist silodosin in men with signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia: pooled results of 2 phase 3 studies. J Urol. 2013;189(1 Suppl):S122-S128.

89. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA-Approved Drug Products. Available at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

90. Kramer BS, Hagerty KL, Justman S, et al. Use of 5-α-reductase inhibitors for prostate cancer chemoprevention: American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Urological Association 2008 Clinical Practice Guideline. J Urol. 2009;181(4):1642-1657.

91. Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Hagerty K, Schellhammer P, Kramer BS. Five-alpha-reductase inhibitors for prostate cancer prevention. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD007091.

92. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors (5-ARIs) May Increase the Risk of a More Serious Form of Prostate Cancer. Available at https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-5-alpha-reductase-inhibitors-5-aris-may-increase-risk-more-serious. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

93. Roehrborn CG, Barkin J, Siami P, et al. Clinical outcomes after combined therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin or either monotherapy in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by baseline characteristics: 4-year results from the randomized, double-blind Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) trial. BJU Int. 2011;107(6):946-954.

94. Miller MS. Role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(2):278-283.

95. Cantrell MA, Baye J, Vouri SM. Tadalafil: a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(6):639-649.

96. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Prostate Enlargement: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Bethesda, MD: National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse; 2006.

97. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate Cancer Early Detection. Version 1.2022. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate_detection.pdf. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

98. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(3):215-224.

99. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. New Engl J Med. 2010;362(13):1192-1202.

100. Grubb RL, Andriole GL, Somerville MC, et al. The REDUCE Follow-Up Study: low rate of new prostate cancer diagnoses observed during a 2-year, observational, follow-up study of men who participated in the REDUCE trial. J Urol. 2013;189(3): 871-877.

101. Zimmerman MP, Mehr SR. Chemoprevention in prostate cancer: identifying patients at greatest risk may provide greatest value. Am J Manag Care. 2013;19(Spec No. 3):E8.

102. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018;319(18):1901-1913.

103. American Urological Association. Prostate Cancer: Use of 5-α-Reductase Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention: American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Urological Association. Available at https://www.auanet.org/Documents/education/Arc-Prostate-Cancer-Chemo.pdf. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

104. Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA. 2009;301(1):39-51.

105. Marshall JR, Tangen CM, Sakr WA, et al. Phase III trial of selenium to prevent prostate cancer in men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: SWOG S9917. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2011;4(11):1761-1769.

106. Stephenson AJ, Abouassaly R, Klein EA. Chemoprevention of prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 2010;37(1):11-21.

107. Ilic D, Forbes KM, Hassed C. Lycopene for the prevention of prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008007.

108. Wolf AWD, Wender RC, Etzioni RB, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of prostate cancer: update 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(2):70-98.

109. Mistry K, Cable G. Meta-analysis of prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination as screening tests for prostate carcinoma. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2003;16(2):95-101.

110. Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL III, et al. Prostate cancer screening in the randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial: mortality results after 13 years of follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(2):125-132.

111. Ilic D, Neuberger MM, Djulbegovic M, Dahm P. Screening for prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013:1:CD004720.

112. Tsodikov A, Gulati R, Heijnsdijk EAM, et al. Reconciling the effects of screening on prostate cancer mortality in the ERSPC and PLCO trials. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(7):449-455.

113. Draisma G, Boer R, Otto SJ, et al. Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(12):868-878.

114. Carter HB, Albertsen PC, Barry MJ, et al. Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2018). Available at https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

115. Qaseem A, Barry MJ, Denberg TD, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: a guidance statement from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(10):761-769.

116. Basch E, Oliver TK, Vickers A, et al. Screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen testing: American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(24):3020-3025.

117. Smith RA, Andrews K, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: a review of current American Cancer society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(3):184-210.

118. Gulati R, Gore JL, Etzioni R. Comparative effectiveness of alternative prostate-specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening strategies: model estimates of potential benefits and harms. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(3):143-153.

119. Allen JD, Mohllajee AP, Shelton RC, Drake BF, Mars DR. A computer-tailored intervention to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening among African American men. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(4):340-351.

120. Stacey D, Bennett CL, Barry MJ, et al. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(10):CD001431.

121. Stacey D, Légaré F, Lewis K, et al. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2017:4:CD001431.

122. Ross LE, Powe BD, Taylor YJ, Howard DL. Physician-patient discussions with African American men about prostate cancer screening. Am J Mens Health. 2008;2(2):156-164.

123. McFall SL. U.S. men discussing prostate-specific antigen tests with a physician. Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(5):433-436.

124. Allan RW, Sanderson H, Epstein JI. Correlation of minute (0.5 mm or less) focus of prostate adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy with radical prostatectomy specimen: role of prostate specific antigen density. J Urol. 2003;170(2):370-372.

125. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2239-2246.

126. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate Cancer. Version 4.2022. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

127. Carroll P, Albertsen PC, Greene K, et al. PSA Testing for the Pretreatment and Posttreatment Management of Prostate Cancer, 2013 Revision of 2009 Best Practice Statement. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2013.

128. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2018.

129. Fagerlin A, Rovner D, Stableford S, Jentoft C, Wei JT, Holmes-Rovner M. Patient education materials about the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer: a critical review. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(9):721-728.

130. Holmes-Rovner M, Stableford S, Fagerlin A, et al. Evidence-based patient choice: a prostate cancer decision aid in plain language. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2005;5(1):16.

131. Kim SP, Knight SJ, Tomori C, et al. Health literacy and shared decision making for prostate cancer patients with low socioeconomic status. Cancer Invest. 2001;19(7):684-691.

132. Davison BJ, Parker PA, Goldenberg SL. Patients' preferences for communicating a prostate cancer diagnosis and participating in medical decision-making. BJU Int. 2004;93(1):47-51.

133. Kilbridge KL, Fraser G, Krahn M, et al. Lack of comprehension of common prostate cancer terms in an underserved population.J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(12):2015-2021.

134. Wang DS, Jani AB, Tai CG, et al. Severe lack of comprehension of common prostate health terms among low-income inner-city men. Cancer. 2013;119(17):3204-3211.

135. Ilic D, Murphy K, Green S. Risk communication and prostate cancer: identifying which summary statistics are best understood by men. Am J Mens Health. 2012;6(6):497-504.

136. Ip S, Dahabreh IJ, Chung M, et al. An evidence review of active surveillance in men with localized prostate cancer. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2011;(304):1-341.

137. Dahabreh IJ, Chung M, Balk EM, et al. Active surveillance in men with localized prostate cancer: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(8):582-589.

138. Hayes JH, Ollendorf DA, Pearson SD, et al. Observation versus initial treatment for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(12):853-860.

139. Klotz L, Zhang L, Lam A, et al. Clinical results of long-term follow-up of a large, active surveillance cohort with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(1):126-131.

140. Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(3):203-213.

141. Jacobs BL, Zhang Y, Schroeck FR, et al. Use of advanced treatment technologies among men at low risk of dying from prostate cancer. JAMA. 2013;309:2587-2595.

142. Jacobs BL, Zhang Y, Skolarus TA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of external-beam radiation approaches for prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2014;65:162-168.

143. Goldin GH, Sheets NC, Meyer AM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and conventional conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:1136-1143.

144. Masson S, Persad R, Bahl A. HDR brachytherapy in the management of high-risk prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012;2012:980841.

145. Spratt DE, Soni PD, McLaughlin PW, et al. American Brachytherapy Society Task Group Report: combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiation for high-risk prostate cancer. Brachytherapy. 2017;16:1-12.

146. Thompson I, Thrasher JB, Aus G, et al. Guideline for the Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: 2007 Update. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2007.

147. Pierorazio PM, Ross AE, Lin BM, et al. Preoperative characteristics of high-Gleason disease predictive of favourable pathological and clinical outcomes at radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2012;110:1122-1128.

148. Chade DC, Eastham J, Graefen M, et al. Cancer control and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy for radiation-recurrent prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 2012;61:961-971.

149. Shekarriz B, Upadhyay J, Pontes JE. Salvage radical prostatectomy. Urol Clin North Am. 2001;28:545-553.

150. Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Filen F, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(16):1144-1154.

151. Tomicich SF. Evaluation of quality of life for prostate cancer patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy surgery. Am J Mens Health. 2007;1(4):284-293.

152. Hoffman RM, Barry MJ, Stanford JL, Hamilton AS, Hunt WC, Collins MM. Health outcomes in older men with localized prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. Am J Med. 2006;119(5):418-425.

153. Shelley MD, Kumar S, Coles B, et al. Adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009;35(7):540-546.

154. Shelley MD, Kumar S, Wilt T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev. 2009;35(1):9-17.

155. Loblaw DA, Virgo KS, Nam R, et al. Initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer: 2007 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(12):1596-1605.

156. Klotz L, Toren P. Androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer: is intermittent therapy the new standard of care?Curr Oncol. 2012;19(Suppl 3):S13-S21.

157. Mottet N, Van Damme J, Loulidi S, et al. Intermittent hormonal therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: a randomized trial. BJU Int. 2012;110(9):1262-1269.

158. Niraula S, Le LW, Tannock IF. Treatment of prostate cancer with intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(16):2029-2036.

159. Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(15):1513-1520.

160. Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer.N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1502-1512.

161. Babaian R, Donnelly B, Bahn D, et al. Best Practice Policy Statement on Cryosurgery for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2008.

162. Jung JH, Risk MC, Goldfarb R, Reddy B, Coles B, Dahm P. Primary cryotherapy for localized or locally advances prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;5:CD005010.

163. Skolarus TA, Wolf AMD, Erb NL, et al. American Cancer Society prostate cancer survivorship care guidelines. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;64(4):225-249.

164. Ringdahl E, Teague L. Testicular torsion. Am Fam Phys. 2006;74(10):1739-1743.

165. Galejs LE. Diagnosis and treatment of the acute scrotum. Am Fam Phys. 1999;59(4):817-824.

166. Arce JD, Cortes M, Vargas JC. Sonographic diagnosis of acute spermatic cord torsion. Rotation of the cord: a key to the diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2002;32(7):485-491.

167. Kadish HA, Bolte RG. A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages. Pediatrics. 1998;102(1):73-76.

168. Rabinowitz R. The importance of the cremasteric reflex in acute scrotal swelling in children. J Urol. 1984;132(1):89-90.

169. Kravchick S, Cytron S, Leibovici O, et al. Color Doppler sonography: its real role in the evaluation of children with highly suspected testicular torsion. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(6):1000-1005.

170. Wu HC, Sun SS, Kao A, Chuang FJ, Lin CC, Lee CC. Comparison of radionuclide imaging and ultrasonography in the differentiation of acute testicular torsion and inflammatory testicular disease. Clin Nucl Med. 2002;27(7):490-493.

171. Hawtrey CE. Assessment of acute scrotal symptoms and findings: a clinician's dilemma. Urol Clin North Am. 1998;25(4):715-723.

172. Nickel JC, Teichman JMH, Gregoire M, Clark J, Downey J. Prevalence, diagnosis, characterization, and treatment of prostatitis, interstitial cystitis, and epididymitis in outpatient urological practice: the Canadian PIE Study. Urology. 2005;66(5):935-940.

173. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/herpes.htm. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

174. Sadek I, Biron P, Kus T. Amiodarone-induced epididymitis: report of a new case and literature review of 12 cases. Can J Cardiol. 1993;9(9):833-836.

175. Luzzi GA, O'Brien TS. Acute epididymitis. BJU Int. 2001;87(8):747-755.

176. Nickel JC. Chronic epididymitis: a practical approach to understanding and managing a difficult urologic enigma. Rev Urol. 2003;5(4):209-215.

177. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Testicular Cancer. Version 2.2022. Available at: https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/testicular.pdf. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

178. Nielsen ME, Zderic S, Freedland SJ, Jarow JP. Insight on pathogenesis of varicoceles: relationship of varicocele and body mass index. Urology. 2006;68(2):392-396.

179. Handel LN, Shetty R, Sigman M. The relationship between varicoceles and obesity. J Urol. 2006;176(5):2138-2140.

180. Tilki D, Kilic E, Tauber R, et al. The complex structure of the smooth muscle layer of spermatic veins and its potential role in the development of varicocele testis. Eur Urol. 2006;51(5):1402-1410.

181. Trussell JC, Haas GP, Wojtowycz A, Landas S, Blank W. High prevalence of bilateral varicoceles confirmed with ultrasonography. Int Urol Nephrol. 2003;35(1):115-118.

182. Sharlip ID, Jarow J, Belker AM, et al. Infertility: Report on Varicocele and Infertility: An AUA Best Practice Policy and ASRM Practice Committee Report. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2001.

183. Canales BK, Zapzalka DM, Ercole CJ, et al. Prevalence and effect of varicoceles in an elderly population. Urology. 2005;66(3):627-631.

184. Thomas JC, Elder JS. Testicular growth arrest and adolescent varicocele: does varicocele size make a difference? J Urol. 2002;168(4 Pt 2):1689-1691.

185. Kass EJ, Stork BR, Steinert BW. Varicocele in adolescence induces left and right testicular volume loss. BJU Int. 2001;87(6): 499-501.

186. Chan PT, Goldstein M. Medical backgrounder on varicocele. Drugs Today (Barc). 2002;38(1):59-67.

187. Raheem OA. Surgical management of adolescent varicocele: systematic review of the world literature. Urol Ann. 2013;5(3): 133-139.

188. Dobanovacki D. Varicocele in adolescents. Med Pregl. 2010;63(11-12):741-746.

189. Kinkade S. Testicular cancer. Am Fam Phys. 1999;59(9):2539-2544, 2549-2550.

190. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: Testicular Cancer. Available at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/testis.html. Last accessed May 28, 2022.

191. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 2000–2019. Browse the Tables and Figures: Testis: Rates and Trends by Race/Ethnicity. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html. Last accessed May 28,2022.

192. Fossa SD, Chen J, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Risk of contralateral testicular cancer: a population-based study of 29,515 U.S. men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(14):1056-1066.

193. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for testicular cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(7):483-486.

194. Gilligan TD, Seidenfeld J, Basch EM, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline on uses of serum tumor markers in adult males with germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(20):3388-3404.

195. Pont J, Albrecht W. Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular germ cell cancer. Fertil Steril. 1997;68(1):1-5.

196. Lampe H, Horwich A, Norman A, Nicholls J, Dearnaley DP. Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:239-245.

197. Brydoy M, Fossa SD, Klepp O, et al. Paternity following treatment for testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(21):1580-1588.

198. Travis LB, Fossa SD, Schonfeld SJ, et al. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patients: focus on long-term survivors.J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(18):1354-1365.

199. Osanto S, Bukman AW, Van Hoek F, Sterk PJ, De Laat JA, Hermans J. Long-term effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10(4):574-579.

200. van den Belt-Dusebout A, Nuver J, de Wit R, et al. Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in 5-year survivors of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(3):467-475.

201. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, Perkins G, Hortobagyi GN. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer. 2004;101(1):51-57.

202. Giordano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist. 2005;10(7):471-479.

203. Ravi A, Bang H, Karsif K, Nori D. Breast cancer in men: prognostic factors, treatment patterns, and outcome. Am J Mens Health. 2012;6:51-58.

204. Goss PE, Reid C, Pintilie M, Lim R, Miller N. Male breast carcinoma: a review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret Hospital during 40 years: 1955–1996. Cancer. 1999;85(3):629-639.

205. Korde LA, Zujewski JA, Kamin L, et al. Multidisciplinary meeting on male breast cancer: summary and research recommendations. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2114-2122.

206. Cimmino VM, Degnim AC, Sabel MS, et al. Efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in male breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2004;86(2):74-77.

207. Goyal A, Horgan K, Kissin M, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in male breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004;30(5):480-483.

208. Ribeiro G, Swindell R. Adjuvant tamoxifen for male breast cancer (MBC). Br J Cancer. 1992;65(2):252-254.

209. Wernberg JA, Yap J, Murekeyisoni C, et al. Multiple primary tumors in men with breast cancer diagnoses—a SEER database review. J Surg Oncol. 2009;99:16-19.

210. Althof SE. Prevalence, characteristics and implications of premature ejaculation/rapid ejaculation. J Urol. 2006;175(3 Pt 1):842-848.

211. Lue TF, Giuliano F, Montorsi F. Summary of the recommendations on sexual dysfunctions in men. J Sex Med. 2004;1(1):6-23.

212. Montague DK, Jarow J, Broderick GA, et al. Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Premature Ejaculation (Reviewed and Validity Confirmed 2010). Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2004.

213. McMahon CG, Althof SE, Waldinger MD, et al. An evidence-based definition of lifelong premature ejaculation: report of the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) ad hoc committee for the definition of premature ejaculation.J Sex Med. 2008;5(7):1590-1606.

214. Hatzimouratidis K. Epidemiology of male sexual dysfunction. Am J Mens Health. 2007;1(2):103-125.

215. Revicki D, Howard K, Hanlon J, Mannix S, Greene A, Rothman M. Characterizing the burden of premature ejaculation from a patient and partner perspective: a multi-country qualitative analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6:33.

216. Rosen RC, Althof S. Impact of premature ejaculation: the psychological, quality of life, and sexual relationship consequences.J Sex Med. 2008;5(6):1296-1307.

217. Althof S. Psychological approaches to the treatment of rapid ejaculation. J Mens Health Gender. 2006;3(2):180-186.

218. Perelman MA. A new combination treatment for premature ejaculation: a sex therapist's perspective. J Sex Med. 2006;3(6):1004-1012.

219. Assalian P. Guidelines for the pharmacotherapy of premature ejaculation. World J Urol. 2005;23(2):127-129.

220. Busato W, Galindo CC. Topical anaesthetic use for treating premature ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. BJU Int. 2004;93(7):1018-1021.

221. Atikeler MK, Gecit I, Senol FA. Optimum usage of prilocaine-lidocaine cream in premature ejaculation. Andrologia. 2002;34(6):356-359.

222. Morales A. Evolving therapeutic strategies for premature ejaculation: the search for on-demand treatment—topical versus systemic. Can Urol Assoc J. 2012;6(5):380-385.

223. Porst H, Burri A. Fortacin spray for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Urologia. 2007;84(2 Suppl):1-10.

224. Porst H, Burri A. Novel treatment for premature ejaculation in the light of currently used therapies: a review. Sex Med Rev. 2019;7(1):129-140.

225. Lexicomp Online. Available at https://online.lexi.com. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

226. Shabsigh R, Patrick DL, Rowland DL, et al. Perceived control over ejaculation is central to treatment benefit in men with premature ejaculation: results from phase III trials with dapoxetine. BJU Int. 2008;102(7):824-828.

227. Kaufman JM, Rosen RC, Mudumbi RV, et al. Treatment benefit of dapoxetine for premature ejaculation: results from a placebo-controlled phase III trial. BJU Int. 2009;103(5):651-658.

228. McMahon CG. Dapoxetine for premature ejaculation. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11(10):1741-1752.

229. Epperly T, Moore KE. Health issues in men: part I. Common genitourinary disorders. Am Fam Phys. 2000;61(12):657-3664.

230. Montague DK, Jarow JP, Broderick GA, et al. The Management of Erectile Dysfunction: An Update (Reviewed and Validity Confirmed 2011). Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2005.

231. Qaseem A, Snow V, Denberg TD, et al. Hormonal testing and pharmacologic treatment of erectile dysfunction: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(9):639-649.

232. Laumann EO, West S, Glasser D, Carson C, Rosen R, Kang JH. Prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction by race and ethnicity among men aged 40 or older in the United States: from the Male Attitudes Regarding Sexual Health Survey.J Sex Med. 2007;4(1):57-65.

233. Rosen RC, Wing R, Schneider S, Gendrano N III. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: the role of medical comorbidities and lifestyle factors. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32(4):403-417.

234. Saigal CS, Wessells H, Pace J, Schonlau M, Wilt TJ, for the Urologic Diseases in America Project. Predictors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in a racially diverse population. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(2):207-212.

235. Gooren L. How to optimise treatment of erectile dysfunction above and beyond the beneficial effects of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. J Mens Health. 2008;5(2):163-170.

236. Jackson G, Boon N, Eardley I, et al. Erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease prediction: evidence-based guidance and consensus. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(7):848-857.

237. Vlachopoulos C, Terentes-Printzios D, Ioakeimidis N, et al. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6(1):99-109.

238. Heidelbaugh JJ. Management of erectile dysfunction. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(3):305-312.

239. Esposito K, Giugliano F, Di Palo C, et al. Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(24):2978-2984.

240. Sadovsky R, Althof S. Men's sexual issues. Clin Fam Pract. 2004;6(4):863-915.

241. Yuan J, Zhang R, Yang Z, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2013;63(5):902-912.

242. Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F, Fink HA, et al. Oral sildenafil citrate (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of harms. Urology. 2009;74(4):831-836.

243. Pomeranz HD. Can erectile dysfunction drug use lead to ischaemic optic neuropathy? Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(2):127-128.

244. Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F, Fink HA, et al. Oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatments for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(9):650-661.

245. McGwin G Jr, Vaphiades MS, Hall TA, Owsley C. Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(2):154-157.

246. RxList. FDA Announces Revisions to Labels for Cialis, Levitra and Viagra. Available at https://www.rxlist.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=84652. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

247. McGwin G Jr. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use and hearing impairment. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;136(5): 488-492.

248. Kloner RA, Hutter AM, Emmick JT, et al. Time course of the interaction between tadalafil and nitrates. J Am Cardiol. 2003;42(10):1855-1860.

249. Kloner RA, Mullin SH, Shook T, et al. Erectile dysfunction in the cardiac patient: how common and should we treat? J Urol. 2003;170(2 Pt 2):S46-S50.

250. Melnik T, Soares B, Nasello AG. Psychosocial interventions for erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3):CD004825.

251. Haren MT, Kim MJ, Tariq SH, Wittert GA, Morley JE. Andropause: a quality-of-life issue in older males. Med Clin North Am. 2006;90(5):1005-1023.

252. Bhasin S, Brito JP, Cunningham GR, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(5):1715-1744.

253. AACE Hypogonadism Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the evaluation and treatment of hypogonadism in adult male patients—2002 update. Endo Pract. 2002;8(6):439-456.

254. Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(11):4241-4247.

255. Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, Stemhagen A, McWhirter C. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60(7):762-769.

256. Morley JE, Charlton E, Patrick P, et al. Validation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males. Metabolism. 2000;49(9):1239-1242.

257. Moore C, Huebler D, Zimmermann T, et al. The Aging Males Symptoms scale (AMS) as outcome measure for treatment of androgen deficiency. Eur Urol. 2004;46(1):80-87.

258. Heinemann LAJ, Zimmermann T, Vermeulen A, Thiel C. A new aging males symptoms rating scale. Aging Male. 1999;2(2):105-114.

259. Daig I, Heinemann LAJ, Kim S, et al. The Aging Males Symptoms (AMS) scale: review of its methodological characteristics. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1(1):77.

260. Heinemann LAJ, Saad F, Zimmermann T, et al. The Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale: update and compilation of international versions. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:15.

261. Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Wang C. Relative testosterone deficiency in older men: clinical definition and presentation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005;34(4):957-972.

262. Bassil N, Alkaade S, Morley JE. The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: a review. Therapeutics Clin Risk Manage. 2009;5:427-448.

263. Brawer MK. Testosterone replacement in men with andropause: an overview. Rev Urol. 2004;6(suppl 6):S9-S15.

264. Jarow J, Sigman M, Kolettis PN, et al. The Optimal Evaluation of the Infertile Male: AUA Best Practice Statement. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2010.

265. Kidd SA, Eskenazi B, Wyrobek AJ. Effects of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertil Steril. 2001;75(2):237-248.

266. Ford WCL, North K, Taylor H, et al. Increasing paternal age is associated with delayed conception in a large population of fertile couples: evidence for declining fecundity in older men. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(8):1703-1708.

267. Jarow J, Sigman M, Kolettis PN, et al. The Evaluation of the Azoospermic Male: AUA Best Practice Statement. Linthicum, MD: American Urological Association; 2010.

268. Kolettis PN. Evaluation of the subfertile man. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(10):2165-2172.

269. World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. 6th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.

270. Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16(3):231-245.

271. Murray KS, James A, McGeady JB, et al. The effect of the new 2010 World Health Organization criteria for semen analyses on male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2012;98(6):1428-1431.

272. Esteves SC, Zini A, Azis N, et al. Critical appraisal of World Health Organization's new reference values for human semen characteristics and effect on diagnosis and treatment of subfertile men. Urology. 2012;79(1):16-22.

273. Li F, Yue H, Yamaguchi K, et al. Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol. 2012;19:149-154.

274. Satterwhite CL, Torrone, Meites E, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among U.S. women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40(3):187-193.

275. Owusu-Edusei K, Jr, Chesson HW, Gift TL, et al. The estimated direct medical cost of selected sexually transmitted infections in the United States, 2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40(3):197-201.

276. Dunne EF, Markowitz LE, Chesson H, et al. Recommendations on the use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males—Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR. 2011;60(50):1705-1708.

277. Xu F, Sternberg MR, Gottlieb SL, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among persons aged 14–49 years—United States, 2005–2008. MMWR. 2010;59(15):456-459.

278. Kane BG, Degutis LC, Sayward HK, D'Onofrio G. Compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Acad Emerg Med. 2004;11(4):371-377.

279. Stupiansky NW, Alexander AB, Zimet GD. Human papillomavirus vaccine and men: what are the obstacles and challenges? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012;25(1):86-91.

280. Dunne EF, Nelson CM, Stone KM, et al. Prevalence of HPV infection among men: a systematic review of the literature. J Infect Dis. 2006;194(8):1044-1057.

281. Akogbe GO, Ajidahun A, Sirak B, et al. Race and prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among men residing in Brazil, Mexico and the United States. Int J Cancer. 2012;131(3):E282-E291.

282. Quillan G, Kruszon-Moran D, Markowitz LE, Unger ER, Paulose-Ram R. Prevalence of HPV in Adults Aged 18–United States, 2011–2014. NCHS Data Brief, No. 280. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2017.

283. Giuliano AR, Anic G, Nyitray AG. Epidemiology and pathology of HPV disease in males. Gynecol Oncol. 2010;117(2Suppl): S15-S19.

284. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;326(10):949-956.

285. National Cancer Institute. Gardasil 9 Vaccine Protects Against Additional HPV Types. Available at https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/research/gardasil9-prevents-more-HPV-types. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

286. Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR. 2019;68(32):698-702.

287. Brown DL, Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of syphilis. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68(2):283-290, 297.

288. Miller KE. Diagnosis and treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(10):1779-1784, 1786.

289. Klausner JD. Disseminated Gonococcal Infection. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/disseminated-gonococcal-infection. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

290. Lyss SB, Kamb ML, Peterman TA, et al. for the Project RESPECT Study Group. Chlamydia trachomatis among patients infected with and treated for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sexually transmitted disease clinics in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(3):178-185.

291. Peterman TA, Tian LH, Metcalf CA, et al. for the RESPECT-2 Study Group. High incidence of new sexually transmitted infections in the year following a sexually transmitted infection: a case for rescreening. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(8):564-572.

292. Makadon HJ, Mayer KH, Garofalo R. Optimizing primary care for men who have sex with men. JAMA. 2006;296(19):2362-2365.

293. Bonvicini KA, Perlin MJ. The same but different: clinician-patient communication with gay and lesbian patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2003;51(2):115-122.

294. Dean L, Meyer IH, Robinson K, et al. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health: findings and concerns. J Gay Lesbian Med Assoc. 2000;4(3):102-151.

295. Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. Guidelines for Care of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients. San Francisco, CA: Gay and Lesbian Medical Association; 2006.

296. Efford J, Bolding G, Maguire M, Sherr L. Do gay men discuss HIV risk reduction with their GP? AIDS Care. 2000;12(3):287-290.

297. Harrison AE, Silenzio VM. Comprehensive care of lesbian and gay patients and families. Prim Care. 1996;23(1):31-46.

298. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2021: Detection of STIs in Special Populations. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/specialpops.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

299. Plumb J, Brawer R. The social and behavioral foundations of men's health—a public health perspective. Prim Care. 2006;33(1): 17-34.

300. Winkler D, Pjrek E, Kasper S. Anger attacks in depression—evidence for a male depressive syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74(5):303-307.

301. Chang T, Subramaniam PR. Asian and Pacific Islander American men's help-seeking: cultural values and beliefs, gender roles and racial stereotypes. Internat J Mens Health. 2008;7(2):121-136.

302. Bunker SJ, Colquhoun DM, Esler MD, et al. "Stress" and coronary heart disease: psychosocial risk factors. Med J Aust. 2003;178(6):272-276.

303. Knox SS, Siegmund KD, Weidner G, Ellison RC, Adelman A, Paton C. Hostility, social support, and coronary heart disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10):1192-1196.

304. Kubzansky LD, Sparrow D, Jackson B, Cohen S, Weiss ST, Wright RJ. Angry breathing: a prospective study of hostility and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Thorax. 2006;61(10):863-868.

305. Phillips LH, Henry JD, Hosie JA, Milne AB. Age, anger regulation and well-being. Aging Ment Health. 2006;10(3):250-256.

306. Vinson DC, Arelli V. State anger and the risk of injury: a case-control and case-crossover study. Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(1):63-68.

307. Epperly TD, Moore KE. Health issues in men: Part II. Common psychosocial disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62(1):117-124.

308. Cronholme PF. Intimate partner violence and men's health. Prim Care. 2006;33(1):199-209.

309. Stringham P. Violence and men's health. Prim Care. 2006;33(1):187-197.

310. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening. Available at https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

311. Burge SK, Schneider FD, Ivy L, Catala S. Patients' advice to physicians about intervening in family conflict. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(3):248-254.

312. Friedman LS, Samet JH, Roberts MS, Hudlin M, Hans P. Inquiry about victimization experiences: a survey of patient preferences and physician practices. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(6):1186-1190.

313. American Academy of Family Practice. AAFP Policies: Intimate Partner Violence (Position Paper). Available at https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/intimate-partner-violence.html. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

314. Herman S, Sadovsky R. Psychosocial health screening and recognizing early signs of psychosocial distress. J Mens Health. 2010;7(1):73-82.

315. Rigler SK. Alcoholism in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(6):1710-1716, 1883-1884.

316. Laos C, Metzl JD. Performance-enhancing drug use in young athletes. Adolesc Med Clin. 2006;17(3):719-731.

317. Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. Breaking the Grip: Treating Crystal Methamphetamine Addiction Among Gay and Bisexual Men. San Francisco, CA: Gay and Lesbian Medical Association; 2006.

318. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions. Available at https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/unhealthy-alcohol-use-in-adolescents-and-adults-screening-and-behavioral-counseling-interventions. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

319. Enoch MA, Goldman D. Problem drinking and alcoholism: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(3):441-450.

320. Mayfield D, McLeod G, Hall P. The CAGE questionnaire: validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument. Am J Psychiatry. 1974;131(10):1121-1123.

321. Ewing JA. Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA. 1984;252(14):1905-1907.

322. Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption-II. Addiction. 1993;88(6):791-804.

323. Selzer ML. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: the quest for a new diagnostic instrument. Am J Psychiatry. 1971;127(12):1653-1658.

324. Mersy DJ. Recognition of alcohol and substance abuse. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(7):1529-1532, 1535-1536.

325. Fink A, Morton SC, Beck JC, Hays RD, Spritzer K, Oishi S, Moore AA. The alcohol-related problems survey: identifying hazardous and harmful drinking in older primary care patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(10):1717-1722.

326. Culberson JW. Alcohol use in the elderly: beyond the CAGE. Part 2: screening instruments and treatment strategies. Geriatrics. 2006;61(11):20-26.

327. Moore AA, Beck JC, Babor TF, Hays RD, Reuben DB. Beyond alcoholism: identifying older, at-risk drinkers in primary care. J Stud Alcohol. 2002;63(3):316-324.

328. Robbins A. Biopsychosocial aspects in understanding and treating depression in men: a clinical perspective. J Mens Health Gender. 2006;3(1):10-18.

329. National Institute of Mental Health. Major Depression. Available at https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression.shtml. Last accessed May 31, 2022.

330. Blashki G, Pirkis J, Morgan H, Ciechomski L. Managing depression and suicide risk in men presenting to primary care physicians. Prim Care. 2006;33(1):211-221.

331. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Suicide Risk in Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults. Available at https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-in-adolescents-adults-and-older-adults-screening. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

332. Pirkis J, Burgess P. Suicide and recency of health care contacts: a systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173:462-474.

333. Kilmartin C. Depression in men: communication, diagnosis and therapy. J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(1):95-99.

334. Kuehn BM. Men face barriers to mental health care. JAMA. 2006;296(19):2303-2304.

335. National Institute of Mental Health. Men and Depression. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2005.

336. Men's Health Network. Goals and Strategies. Available at https://www.menshealthnetwork.org/goals. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

337. Larson RJ, Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Welch HG. Celebrity endorsements of cancer screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(9):693-695.

338. Ilic D, Risbridger GP, Green S. The informed man: attitudes and information needs on prostate cancer screening. J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(4):414-420.

339. Wilkins D. "Getting it sorted:" identifying and implementing practical solutions to men's health. J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(1):13-16.

340. Williams S, Bruno A. Worksite wellness programs—what is working. Am J Mens Health. 2007;1(2):154-156.

341. Campbell BB. A novel approach to educating men about preventative health in the digital age. J Mens Health. 2012;9(1):45-50.

342. Percac-Lima S, Grant RW, Green AR, et al. A culturally tailored navigator program for colorectal cancer screening in a community health center: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(2):211-217.

343. Releford BJ, Frencher SK Jr, Yancey AK, Norris K. Cardiovascular disease control through barbershops: design of a nationwide outreach program. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102(4):336-345.

344. Luque JS, Rivers BM, Kambon M, Brookins R, Green BL, Meade CD. Barbers against prostate cancer: a feasibility study for training barbers to deliver prostate cancer education in an urban African American community. J Cancer Educ. 2010;25(1):96-100.

345. Mount DL, Johnson DM, Rego MI, et al. Preliminary findings exploring the social determinants of black males' lay health perspectives. Am J Mens Health. 2012;6(1):71-79.

346. Xu KT, Borders TF. Gender, health, and physician visits among adults in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(7):1076-1079.

347. Campbell BB, Shah S, Gosselin D. Success with men's educational group appointments (MEGA): subjective improvements in patient education. Am J Mens Health. 2009;3(2):173-178.

348. Blumberg SJ, Vahratian A, Blumber JH. Marriage, cohabitation, and men's use of preventive health care services. NCHS Data Brief. 2014;154:1-7.

349. Jimbo M. Organizing preventive health care in men. Prim Care. 2006;33(1):237-246.

350. Oliffe J, Mroz L. Men interviewing men about health and illness: ten lessons learned. J Mens Health Gender. 2005;2(2):257-260.

351. McNutt RA. Shared medical decision making: problems, process, progress. JAMA. 2004;292(20):2516-2518.

352. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule for Ages 19 Years or Older, United States, 2022. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/adult/adult-combined-schedule.pdf. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

353. Coker TJ and Dierfeldt DM. Acute bacterial prostatitis: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93:114-120.

354. Shindel AW, Althof SE, Carrier S, et al. Disorders of ejaculation: an AUA/SMSNA Guideline. J Urol. 2022;207(3):504-512.

355. Burnett AL, Nehra A, Breau RH, et al. Erectile dysfunction: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2018;200:633.

356. Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility in Men: AUA/ASRM Guideline, 2020. Available at https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/male-infertility. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

357. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevalence, Incidence, and Cost Estimates in the United States. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/prevalence-incidence-cost-2020.htm. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

358. Eastham JA, Auffenberg GB, Barocas DA, et al. Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTEO Guideline (2022). Available at https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/clinically-localized-prostate-cancer-aua/astro-guideline-2022. Last accessed June 1, 2022.

359. Zuniga KB, Chan JM, Ryan CJ, Kenfield SA. Diet and lifestyle considerations for patients with prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology. 2020;38(3):105-117.

360. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Serologic screening for genital herpes infection: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;316(23):2525-2530.

361. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant adults and adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315(21):2321-2327.

362. Veale JF. Prevalence of transsexualism in New Zealand. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42(10):887-889.

363. Sobralske M. Primary care needs of patients who have undergone gender reassignment. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2005;17(4):133-138.

364. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. Committee Opinion #512: health care for transgender individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118(6):1454-1458.

365. Berreth ME. Nursing care of transgendered older adults: implications from the literature. J Gerontol Nurs. 2003;29(7):44-49.

366. Jenner CO. Transsexual primary care. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2010;22(8):403-408.

367. Gatos KC. A literature review of cervical cancer screening in transgender men. Nurs Womens Health. 2018;22(1):52-62.

  • Back to Course Home
  • Participation Instructions
    • Review the course material online or in print.
    • Complete the course evaluation.
    • Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.