The Intersection of Pain and Culture
Course #77033 -
- Participation Instructions
- Review the course material online or in print.
- Complete the course evaluation.
- Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
Pain is invisible, and diagnosis depends on patients' reports. These factors contribute to the treatment of pain to be devalued and stigmatized. When issues of culture, race, and ethnicity come into play with pain experiences, it becomes even more complex. Assessing the interaction between how patients construct the meaning and subjective experiences of pain is necessary, rather than simply dealing with only the biomedical causes. Consequently, pain may be universal, but culture influences the creation of meanings, patient experiences, verbal expressions, and coping with pain.
- INTRODUCTION
- AN OVERVIEW OF PAIN
- THE UNITED STATES: A MULTICULTURAL LANDSCAPE
- CULTURE, RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND AWARENESS
- CULTURAL DEFINITIONS AND EXPRESSION OF PAIN
- FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
- CULTURALLY SENSITIVE ASSESSMENT OF PAIN
- PAIN MANAGEMENT AND INTERVENTIONS
- INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION AND PRACTICE
- CONCLUSION
- Works Cited
- Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Citations
This course is designed for mental health professionals who may intervene to improve the treatment of pain in diverse patient populations.
The purpose of this course is to increase clinicians' knowledge and awareness of the impact of culture on issues of pain and pain management in order to improve the provision of care and patients' quality of life.
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
- Define pain.
- Discuss the changing demographic trends that contribute to the United States' multicultural landscape.
- Define culture, race, and ethnicity.
- Analyze how culture, race and ethnicity influence how pain is defined, expressed, and experienced.
- Discuss how different racial and ethnic minority groups utilize different terms for pain.
- Identify how different racial and ethnic minority groups respond to and cope with pain.
- Explain how different racial and ethnic minority groups seek help with pain.
- Discuss the factors that contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in pain management.
- Identify pain rating scales and instruments and how culture influences these rating scales.
- Discuss best practice guidelines for assessments and interventions that are culturally relevant and competent.
Alice Yick Flanagan, PhD, MSW, received her Master’s in Social Work from Columbia University, School of Social Work. She has clinical experience in mental health in correctional settings, psychiatric hospitals, and community health centers. In 1997, she received her PhD from UCLA, School of Public Policy and Social Research. Dr. Yick Flanagan completed a year-long post-doctoral fellowship at Hunter College, School of Social Work in 1999. In that year she taught the course Research Methods and Violence Against Women to Masters degree students, as well as conducting qualitative research studies on death and dying in Chinese American families.
Previously acting as a faculty member at Capella University and Northcentral University, Dr. Yick Flanagan is currently a contributing faculty member at Walden University, School of Social Work, and a dissertation chair at Grand Canyon University, College of Doctoral Studies, working with Industrial Organizational Psychology doctoral students. She also serves as a consultant/subject matter expert for the New York City Board of Education and publishing companies for online curriculum development, developing practice MCAT questions in the area of psychology and sociology. Her research focus is on the area of culture and mental health in ethnic minority communities.
Contributing faculty, Alice Yick Flanagan, PhD, MSW, has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
Sarah Campbell
The Director of Development and Academic Affairs has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
The purpose of NetCE is to provide challenging curricula to assist healthcare professionals to raise their levels of expertise while fulfilling their continuing education requirements, thereby improving the quality of healthcare.
Our contributing faculty members have taken care to ensure that the information and recommendations are accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The publisher disclaims any liability, loss or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents. Participants are cautioned about the potential risk of using limited knowledge when integrating new techniques into practice.
It is the policy of NetCE not to accept commercial support. Furthermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners.
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The role of implicit biases on healthcare outcomes has become a concern, as there is some evidence that implicit biases contribute to health disparities, professionals' attitudes toward and interactions with patients, quality of care, diagnoses, and treatment decisions. This may produce differences in help-seeking, diagnoses, and ultimately treatments and interventions. Implicit biases may also unwittingly produce professional behaviors, attitudes, and interactions that reduce patients' trust and comfort with their provider, leading to earlier termination of visits and/or reduced adherence and follow-up. Disadvantaged groups are marginalized in the healthcare system and vulnerable on multiple levels; health professionals' implicit biases can further exacerbate these existing disadvantages.
Interventions or strategies designed to reduce implicit bias may be categorized as change-based or control-based. Change-based interventions focus on reducing or changing cognitive associations underlying implicit biases. These interventions might include challenging stereotypes. Conversely, control-based interventions involve reducing the effects of the implicit bias on the individual's behaviors. These strategies include increasing awareness of biased thoughts and responses. The two types of interventions are not mutually exclusive and may be used synergistically.