Disorders and Injuries of the Eye and Eyelid
Course #90564 - $90 -
- Participation Instructions
- Review the course material online or in print.
- Complete the course evaluation.
- Review your Transcript to view and print your Certificate of Completion. Your date of completion will be the date (Pacific Time) the course was electronically submitted for credit, with no exceptions. Partial credit is not available.
Visual impairment and injuries to the eye are major health concerns, affecting more than 5 million individuals collectively each year. The severity of eye disorders range from conditions that cause irritating symptoms to those that are vision-threatening; the most severe conditions (ocular tumors) can be life-threatening. This course addresses all of these conditions, providing details on the pathophysiology of disease, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention (when feasible). To provide a better context for the discussion of eye disorders and injuries, the course begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the normal eye and eyelid and provides a comprehensive discussion of the clinical examination of the eye, including recommended guidelines for eye examinations for a variety of populations and preparing the clinical setting for the routine and emergency examination and treatment of the eye.
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE
- CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EYE
- OFFICE PREPAREDNESS FOR EYE EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT IN THE PRIMARY CARE SETTING
- SYMPTOMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE EYE AND EYELID
- EYE INJURIES AND EMERGENCIES
- COMMON EYE CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN
- VISION IMPAIRMENT IN ADULTS
- OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES AND MEDICATIONS
- MALIGNANT CONDITIONS OF THE EYE AND EYELID
- CASE STUDIES
- CONCLUSION
- Works Cited
- Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations Citations
This course is designed for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, and surgical technologists and assistants seeking to enhance their knowledge of the pathophysiology of eye diseases and more effectively diagnose and treat eye disorders and injuries.
Although ophthalmologists are responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of eye disease and vision loss, interprofessional teams in the emergency room and primary care settings are often involved in initial evaluation and long-term management. The purpose of this course is address knowledge gaps, enhance nurse/physician clinical skills, and improve the care of patients with disorders of the eye that threaten vision. The goal is to achieve better clinical outcomes and a reduction in the prevalence of vision impairment.
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
- Describe the normal anatomy and physiology of the eye and eyelid.
- Outline the physiology of vision.
- Describe vision screening recommendations and barriers to their implementation.
- Identify appropriate skills for the clinical examination of the adult eye.
- Describe the components of pediatric eye examinations.
- Discuss the assessment of refraction and preparedness for eye examinations in the primary care setting.
- Differentially diagnose inflammatory conditions of the eye and eyelid, and describe the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.
- Define the causes, treatment options, and preventive strategies for noninflammatory conditions of the eye and eyelid.
- Identify the causes and treatment of mechanical disorders of the eyelid.
- Identify the most common causes of eye injuries and sudden loss of vision.
- Explain the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for eye emergencies, including interventions for non-English-proficient patients.
- Describe eye conditions that commonly occur in children.
- Outline the impact of vision impairment in adults and interventions to improve quality of life for vision-impaired individuals.
- Describe the ocular manifestations of several chronic diseases and the recommendations for eye follow-up.
- Identify ocular side effects that may result with the administration of some common medications and herbal supplements.
- Discuss the diagnosis and treatment of malignant conditions of the eye and eyelid.
Lori L. Alexander, MTPW, ELS, MWC, is President of Editorial Rx, Inc., which provides medical writing and editing services on a wide variety of clinical topics and in a range of media. A medical writer and editor for more than 30 years, Ms. Alexander has written for both professional and lay audiences, with a focus on continuing education materials, medical meeting coverage, and educational resources for patients. She is the Editor Emeritus of the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) Journal, the peer-review journal representing the largest association of medical communicators in the United States. Ms. Alexander earned a Master’s degree in technical and professional writing, with a concentration in medical writing, at Northeastern University, Boston. She has also earned certification as a life sciences editor and as a medical writer.
John M. Leonard, MD, Professor of Medicine Emeritus, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, completed his post-graduate clinical training at the Yale and Vanderbilt University Medical Centers before joining the Vanderbilt faculty in 1974. He is a clinician-educator and for many years served as director of residency training and student educational programs for the Vanderbilt University Department of Medicine. Over a career span of 40 years, Dr. Leonard conducted an active practice of general internal medicine and an inpatient consulting practice of infectious diseases.
Contributing faculty, Lori L. Alexander, MTPW, ELS, MWC, has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
Contributing faculty, John M. Leonard, MD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
John V. Jurica, MD, MPH
Mary Franks, MSN, APRN, FNP-C
Shannon E. Smith, MHSC, CST, CSFA
The division planners have disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
Sarah Campbell
The Director of Development and Academic Affairs has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.
The purpose of NetCE is to provide challenging curricula to assist healthcare professionals to raise their levels of expertise while fulfilling their continuing education requirements, thereby improving the quality of healthcare.
Our contributing faculty members have taken care to ensure that the information and recommendations are accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The publisher disclaims any liability, loss or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents. Participants are cautioned about the potential risk of using limited knowledge when integrating new techniques into practice.
It is the policy of NetCE not to accept commercial support. Furthermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners.
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The role of implicit biases on healthcare outcomes has become a concern, as there is some evidence that implicit biases contribute to health disparities, professionals' attitudes toward and interactions with patients, quality of care, diagnoses, and treatment decisions. This may produce differences in help-seeking, diagnoses, and ultimately treatments and interventions. Implicit biases may also unwittingly produce professional behaviors, attitudes, and interactions that reduce patients' trust and comfort with their provider, leading to earlier termination of visits and/or reduced adherence and follow-up. Disadvantaged groups are marginalized in the healthcare system and vulnerable on multiple levels; health professionals' implicit biases can further exacerbate these existing disadvantages.
Interventions or strategies designed to reduce implicit bias may be categorized as change-based or control-based. Change-based interventions focus on reducing or changing cognitive associations underlying implicit biases. These interventions might include challenging stereotypes. Conversely, control-based interventions involve reducing the effects of the implicit bias on the individual's behaviors. These strategies include increasing awareness of biased thoughts and responses. The two types of interventions are not mutually exclusive and may be used synergistically.