Overview

This live, interactive course will provide instruction on cultural competency and specialized clinical training focusing on patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender nonconforming, queer, or question their sexual orientation or gender identity and expression (LGBTQ). The instruction will provide information and skills to enable a health professional to care effectively and respectfully for patients who identify as LGBTQ.   

Education Category: Webinars
Release Date: 04/21/2025
Expiration Date: 05/21/2025

Table of Contents

Audience

This live webinar is designed for mental and behavioral health professionals who would benefit from enhanced knowledge and skills related to addressing the individual, social, and political factors that negatively impact LGBTQ+ individuals' emotional and physical well-being.

Accreditations & Approvals

NetCE has been approved by NBCC as an Approved Continuing Education Provider, ACEP No. 6361. Programs that do not qualify for NBCC credit are clearly identified. NetCE is solely responsible for all aspects of the programs. As a Jointly Accredited Organization, NetCE is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved under this program. Regulatory boards are the final authority on courses accepted for continuing education credit. Continuing Education (CE) credits for psychologists are provided through the co-sponsorship of the American Psychological Association (APA) Office of Continuing Education in Psychology (CEP). The APA CEP Office maintains responsibility for the content of the programs. NetCE is accredited by the International Accreditors for Continuing Education and Training (IACET). NetCE complies with the ANSI/IACET Standard, which is recognized internationally as a standard of excellence in instructional practices. As a result of this accreditation, NetCE is authorized to issue the IACET CEU. NetCE is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Mental Health Practitioners as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed mental health counselors #MHC-0021. This course is considered live online by the New York State Board of Mental Health Counseling. Materials that are included in this course may include interventions and modalities that are beyond the authorized practice of licensed master social work and licensed clinical social work in New York. As a licensed professional, you are responsible for reviewing the scope of practice, including activities that are defined in law as beyond the boundaries of practice for an LMSW and LCSW. A licensee who practices beyond the authorized scope of practice could be charged with unprofessional conduct under the Education Law and Regents Rules. NetCE is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Mental Health Practitioners as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed marriage and family therapists. #MFT-0015. This course is considered live online by the New York State Board of Marriage and Family Therapy. NetCE is recognized by the New York State Education Department's State Board for Psychology as an approved provider of continuing education for licensed psychologists #PSY-0240. This course is considered live online by the New York State Board for Psychology.

Designations of Credit

NetCE designates this live event continuing education activity for 3 NBCC clock hour(s). NetCE designates this live event activity for 3 continuing education clock hours. Social workers participating in this intermediate to advanced course will receive 3 Cultural Competency continuing education clock hours. NetCE is authorized by IACET to offer 0.3 CEU(s) for this program. NetCE designates this continuing education activity for 3 credit(s).

Individual State Behavioral Health Approvals

In addition to states that accept ASWB, NetCE is approved as a provider of continuing education by the following state boards: Alabama State Board of Social Work Examiners, Provider #0515; Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage and Family Therapy and Mental Health Counseling, CE Broker Provider #50-2405; Illinois Division of Professional Regulation for Social Workers, License #159.001094; Illinois Division of Professional Regulation for Licensed Professional and Clinical Counselors, License #197.000185; Illinois Division of Professional Regulation for Marriage and Family Therapists, License #168.000190;

Course Objective

The purpose of this course is to provide the information and skills necessary to enable mental and behavioral health professional to care effectively and respectfully for patients who identify as LGBTQ+.

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:

  1. Define culturally relevant terminology that demonstrates cultural sensitivity and understanding.
  2. Describe intersectionality and the impact of intersecting systems of discrimination and oppression on emotional, physical and social well-being.
  3. Identify risk factors, health disparities, and strategies for minimization.
  4. Identify legal obligations related to treating patients.
  5. Describe guidelines and best practices for data storage, including appropriate collection, use, storing of sexual orientation and gender identify information.
  6. Identify personal and cultural biases to challenge or correct within a culturally competent practice.
  7. Discuss ways to engage and train support staff.

Faculty

Julie Wallin Culligan, PhD, FAIHM, MEd, NBC-HWC, CYT-200, is a Psychologist and Whole Health Program Director at the James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, as well as Assistant Clinical Professor at the Quillen School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine. She served the Veterans Health Administration Office of Patient Centered Care and Cultural Transformation as both the National Champion for Whole Health Coaching, acting as the national field advisor for health coaching, and Whole Health National Education Champion. Dr. Culligan completed a Fellowship in Integrative Medicine from the Academy of Integrative Health and Medicine, as a Social Impact Scholar. Dr. Culligan is passionate about integrative mental health and healthcare transformation, and she enjoys lake and mountain life in NE Tennessee.

Faculty Disclosure

Contributing faculty, Julie Wallin Culligan, PhD, FAIHM, MEd, NBC-HWC, CYT-200, has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.

Division Planners

Scott Deatherage, PhD

Anne Horgan, LCSW

Division Planners Disclosure

The division planners have disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.

Director of Development and Academic Affairs

Sarah Campbell

Director Disclosure Statement

The Director of Development and Academic Affairs has disclosed no relevant financial relationship with any product manufacturer or service provider mentioned.

About the Sponsor

The purpose of NetCE is to provide challenging curricula to assist healthcare professionals to raise their levels of expertise while fulfilling their continuing education requirements, thereby improving the quality of healthcare.

Our contributing faculty members have taken care to ensure that the information and recommendations are accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. The publisher disclaims any liability, loss or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents. Participants are cautioned about the potential risk of using limited knowledge when integrating new techniques into practice.

Disclosure Statement

It is the policy of NetCE not to accept commercial support. Furthermore, commercial interests are prohibited from distributing or providing access to this activity to learners.

Technical Requirements

Supported browsers for Windows include Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0 and up, Mozilla Firefox 3.0 and up, Opera 9.0 and up, and Google Chrome. Supported browsers for Macintosh include Safari, Mozilla Firefox 3.0 and up, Opera 9.0 and up, and Google Chrome. Other operating systems and browsers that include complete implementations of ECMAScript edition 3 and CSS 2.0 may work, but are not supported. Supported browsers must utilize the TLS encryption protocol v1.1 or v1.2 in order to connect to pages that require a secured HTTPS connection. TLS v1.0 is not supported.

Implicit Bias in Health Care

The role of implicit biases on healthcare outcomes has become a concern, as there is some evidence that implicit biases contribute to health disparities, professionals' attitudes toward and interactions with patients, quality of care, diagnoses, and treatment decisions. This may produce differences in help-seeking, diagnoses, and ultimately treatments and interventions. Implicit biases may also unwittingly produce professional behaviors, attitudes, and interactions that reduce patients' trust and comfort with their provider, leading to earlier termination of visits and/or reduced adherence and follow-up. Disadvantaged groups are marginalized in the healthcare system and vulnerable on multiple levels; health professionals' implicit biases can further exacerbate these existing disadvantages.

Interventions or strategies designed to reduce implicit bias may be categorized as change-based or control-based. Change-based interventions focus on reducing or changing cognitive associations underlying implicit biases. These interventions might include challenging stereotypes. Conversely, control-based interventions involve reducing the effects of the implicit bias on the individual's behaviors. These strategies include increasing awareness of biased thoughts and responses. The two types of interventions are not mutually exclusive and may be used synergistically.

#9186L: LGBTQ Cultural Competency for Healthcare Professionals

INTRODUCTION

This course will provide instruction on cultural competency and specialized clinical training focusing on patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender nonconforming, queer, or question their sexual orientation or gender identity and expression (LGBTQ). The instruction will provide information and skills to enable a health professional to care effectively and respectfully for patients who identify as LGBTQ.

WEBINAR

Works Cited

1. Ahmed S, Dominguez M, Forstein M, Hermanstyne K, Leli U, Yarbrough E. Stress and trauma toolkit: For treating LGBTQ in a changing political and social environment. American Psychiatric Association. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.psychiatry.org:443/psychiatrists/diversity/education/stress-and-trauma/lgbtq

2. Ainsworth C. Sex redefined. Nature. 2015;518:288-291.

3. Akpan N. There is no ‘gay gene.’ There is no ‘straight gene.’ Sexuality is just complex, study confirms. PBS NewsHour. August 29, 2019. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/there-is-no-gay-gene-there-is-no-straight-gene-sexuality-is-just-complex-study-confirms

4. American Medical Association (AMA). AMA adopts new policies on first day of voting at 2019 Annual Meeting. American Medical Association. June 10, 2019. https://www.ama-assn.org/press-center/press-releases/ama-adopts-new-policies-first-day-voting-2019-annual-meeting

5. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). Nondiscrimination HOD Y06-19-43-52. APTA. September 20, 2019. https://www.apta.org/apta-and-you/leadership-and-governance/policies/non-discrimination

6. American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force. APA guidelines for psychological practice with sexual minority persons. American Psychological Association Task Force on Psychological Practice with Sexual Minority Persons.

7. American Psychological Association (APA). Answers to your questions for a better understanding of sexual orientation and homosexuality. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/orientation

8. Amory D, Massey JM, Brown AP. LGBTQ+ studies: An open textbook. Simple Book Publishing. State University of New York Press. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-lgbtq-studies/

9. Badgett MVL, Choi SK, Wilson B. LGBT poverty in the United States: A study of differences between sexual orientation and gender identity groups. UCLA School of Law Williams Institute. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-poverty-us/

10. Bass B, Nagy H. Cultural competence in the care of LGBTQ patients. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

11. Bem SL. The measurement of psychological androgyny. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1974;42:155-162.

12. Blinken A. X gender marker available on U.S. passports starting April 11. United States Department of State. March 31, 2022. https://www.state.gov/x-gender-marker-available-on-u-s-passports-starting-april-11/

13. Borresen K. 14 Microaggressions LGBTQ people deal with all the time. HuffPost. June 11, 2021. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/microaggressions-lgbtq-people-deal-with_l_60c12080e4b059c73bd556e2

14. Brown T, Herman J. Intimate partner violence and sexual abuse among LGBT people. Williams Institute. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/ipv-sex-abuse-lgbt-people/

15. Carrasco M. Addressing the mental health of LGBTQ+ students. Inside Higher Ed. October 26, 2021. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/10/26/lgbtq-students-face-sizable-mental-health-disparities

16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity information for health care providers. March 9, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/clinicians/transforming-health/health-care-providers/collecting-sexual-orientation.html

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Protective factors for LGBTQ youth. January 27, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/protective-factors-for-lgbtq-youth.htm

18. Choi SK, Meyer IH. LGBT aging: A review of research findings, needs, and policy implications. UCLA School of Law: The Williams Institute. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-aging/

19. Clark-Flory T. Shouti: How sexuality becomes a mental illness. Mad in America. January 12, 2016. https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/09/shouting-voting-and-not-much-science-how-sexuality-becomes-mental-illness/

20. Cochrane K. Heteronormative meaning: What does heteronormative mean? Plus, 8 examples to know. MSN. November 18, 2021. https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/wellness/heteronormative-meaning-what-does-heteronormative-mean-plus-8-examples-to-know/ar-AA14guc9

21. Cohen J, Mannarino A, Wilson K, Zinny A. Implementing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for LGBTQ youth and their caregivers. Allegheny Health Network.

22. Conger JJ. Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, incorporated, for the year 1974: Minutes of the annual meeting of the council of representatives. Am Psychol. 1975;30(6):620-651.

23. Conron K, Goldberg S, O’Neill K. Religiosity among LGBT adults in the US. UCLA School of Law: Williams Institute. October 2020. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-religiosity-us/

24. Council of the District of Columbia. D.C. law 21-95. LGBTQ cultural competency continuing education amendment act of 2016. D.C. Law Library. April 6, 2016. https://code.dccouncil.us/us/dc/council/laws/21-95

25. Council on Minority Health and Health Disparities. APA official actions: Position statement on issues related to sexual orientation and gender minority status.

26. DeAngelis T. Lab work: Treating the effects of LGBT stigma. Am Psychol Assoc Monitor on Psychol. 2018;49(2).

27. Decker H, Combs RM, Noonan EJ, Black C, Weingartner LA. LGBTQ+ Microaggressions in health care: Piloting an observation framework in a standardized patient assessment. J Homosex. 2022;1-17.

28. Delphin-Rittmon. LGBTQI+ youth – Like all Americans, they deserve evidence-based care. March 30, 2022. https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/lgbtqi-youth-all-americans-deserve-evidence-based-care

29. Diamond LM. Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Dev Psychol. 2008;44(1):5-14.

30. Diamond LM. Sexual fluidity: Understanding women’s love and desire. Harvard University Press. 2009.

31. DomesticViolence.org. Domestic violence in the LGBTQ+ community. Domestic violence: It’s EVERYBODY’S business. November 28, 2022. https://domesticviolence.org/domestic-violence-lgbtq-community/

32. Doyle G, Melton GD. Untamed. The Dial Press. 2020.

33. Eliason MJ, Chinn PL. LGBTQ cultures: What health care professionals need to know about sexual and gender diversity. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2017.

34. Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI releases 2020 hate crime statistics. Press Release. August 30, 2021. https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/press-releases/fbi-releases-2020-hate-crime-statistics

35. Foshee W. ACA and diversity: Inclusion through action. ACA Today. May 14, 2018. https://www.acatoday.org/news-publications/aca-and-diversity-inclusion-through-action/

36. Ganna A, Verweij KJH, Nivard MG, et al. Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior. Science. 2019;365(6456).

37. Gaunt K. Black & LGBTQ: approaching intersectional conversations. The Trevor Project. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/resources/guide/black-lgbtq-approaching-intersectional-conversations/

38. Giblin H. Intersectionality & LGBTQ+ community: What this means for sustainability and our future. Synergies. June 28, 2021. https://synergies.cofc.edu/intersectionality-lgbtq-community-what-this-means-for-sustainability-and-our-future/

39. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Intersex people. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/intersex

40. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Bisexual people. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/bisexual

41. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Communities of color. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/communities-of-color

42. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—“Conversion therapy” practices. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/conversion-therapy

43. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Hate crimes. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/hate-crime

44. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Nonbinary people. February 21, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/nonbinary

45. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—Transgender people. February 22, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender

46. GLAAD. GLAAD media reference guide—LGBTQ terms. February 24, 2022. https://www.glaad.org/reference/terms

47. GLSEN. Coming out: A resource for LGBTQ students. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.glsen.org/activity/coming-out-resource-lgbtq-students

48. Human Rights Campaign (HRC). The lies and dangers of “conversion therapy.” Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.hrc.org/resources/the-lies-and-dangers-of-reparative-therapy

49. Human Rights Campaign (HRC). Human Rights Campaign Responds to Tragic Fatal Shooting at LGBTQ+ Nightclub in Colorado Springs; Calls Attention to Rise in Anti-LGBTQ+ Hate and Senseless Gun Violence. November 20, 2022. https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/human-rights-campaign-responds-to-tragic-fatal-shooting-at-lgbtq-nightclub-in-colorado-springs-calls-attention-to-rise-in-anti-lgbtq-hate-and-senseless-gun-violence

50. Human Rights Campaign (HRC). 7 reasons the affordable care act matters to the LGBTQ community. January 13, 2017. https://www.hrc.org/news/7-reasons-the-affordable-care-act-matters-to-the-lgbtq-community

51. Identiversity. Real identities: Gender & sexual identity. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.identiversity.org/real-identities

52. Jones J. LGBT identification in U.S. ticks up to 7.1%. February 17, 2022. https://news.gallup.com/poll/389792/lgbt-identification-ticks-up.aspx

53. Jones TW, Power J, Jones TM. Religious trauma and moral injury from LGBTQA+ conversion practices. Soc Sci Med. 2022;305:115040.

54. JUSTIA. Healthcare Rights of LGBTQ Individuals. October 2022. https://www.justia.com/lgbtq/healthcare/

55. Killermann S. Genderbread person v4.0. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2018/10/the-genderbread-person-v4/

56. Kinsey Institute. The Kinsey Scale. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://kinseyinstitute.org/research/publications/kinsey-scale.php

57. Kosciw JG, Clark C, Menard L. The 2021 national school climate survey: The experiences of LGBTQ+ youth in our nation’s schools. GLSEN. Accessed August 29, 2022.

58. Langowski J, Berman W, Holloway R, McGinn C. Transcending prejudice: Gender identity and expression-based discrimination in the metro Boston rental housing market. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2941810

59. Lavietes M, Ramos E. Nearly 240 anti-LGBTQ bills filed in 2022 so far, most of them targeting trans people. NBC News. March 20, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-politics-and-policy/nearly-240-anti-lgbtq-bills-filed-2022-far-targeting-trans-people-rcna20418

60. Madison J. We are here: LGBTQ+ adult population in the United States reaches at least 20 million, According to Human Rights Campaign Foundation Report. Human Rights Campaign (HRC). December 9, 2021. https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/we-are-here-lgbtq-adult-population-in-united-states-reaches-at-least-20-million-according-to-human-rights-campaign-foundation-report

61. Margolies L, Joo R, McDavid J. Best practices in creating and delivering LGBTQ cultural competency trainings for health and social service agencies. National Institute of Corrections. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://nicic.gov/best-practices-creating-and-delivering-lgbtq-cultural-competency-trainings-health-and-social-service

62. Matthews R. From top to bottom: Heteronormativity & queer relationships - The bottom line UCSB. May 20, 2020. https://thebottomline.as.ucsb.edu/2020/05/from-top-to-bottom-heteronormativity-queer-relationships

63. Merideth P. The five C’s of confidentiality and how to DEAL with them. Psychiatry. 2007;4(2):28-29.

64. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Definition of HOMOPHOBIA. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homophobia

65. Migdon B. Openly LGBTQ members of congress celebrate passage of respect for marriage act, say there’s more work to do. December 8, 2022. https://news.yahoo.com/openly-lgbtq-members-celebrate-passage-175851464.html

66. Miller J. Medicine and LGBTQ health policies. July 20, 2022. https://hms.harvard.edu/news/medicine-lgbtq-health-policies

67. Mind Remake Project. 12 examples of microaggressions that target LGBTQ+ individuals. September 20, 2021. https://mindremakeproject.org/2021/09/20/microgressions-that-target-lgbtq/

68. Movement Advancement Project. Invisible majority: The disparities facing bisexual people and how to remedy them. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.lgbtmap.org/file/invisible-majority.pdf

69. Movement Advancement Project. Movement advancement project - Conversion “therapy” laws. October 25, 2022. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/conversion_therapy

70. Movement Advancement Project. Movement advancement project - State profiles. October 25, 2022. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/profile_state/DC

71. DC makes gender-neutral driver’s licenses available. WRIC ABC 8News. June 23, 2017. https://www.wric.com/news/dc-makes-gender-neutral-drivers-licenses-available/

72. Homosexuality in the DSM. Wikipedia. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homosexuality_in_the_DSM&oldid=1125171654

73. NPR. Late-life lesbians reveal fluidity of sexuality. August 7, 2010. https://www.npr.org/2010/08/07/129050832/late-life-lesbians-reveal-fluidity-of-sexuality

74. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs. Pride & pain: A snapshot of anti-LGBTQ hate and violence during pride season 2019. Accessed August 29, 2022. http://avp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AVP_Pride2019_HV_infographic.pdf

75. National Institute of Health. Implicit bias. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://diversity.nih.gov/sociocultural-factors/implicit-bias

76. NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists. Stylebook on LGBTQ terminology. December 2021. https://www.nlgja.org/stylebook/terminology/

77. Olsen B. How intersectionality affects the LGBTQ+ community. LGBTQ and ALL. July 3, 2021. https://www.lgbtqandall.com/how-intersectionality-affects-the-lgbtq-community/

78. Poushter J, Kent N. The global divide on homosexuality persists. Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project. June 25, 2020. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/

79. Powell L. We are here: LGBTQ+ adults population in United States reaches at least 20 million, according to Human Rights campaign foundation report. December 9, 2021. https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/we-are-here-lgbtq-adult-population-in-united-states-reaches-at-least-20-million-according-to-human-rights-campaign-foundation-report

80. Ramchand R, Schuler MS, Schoenbaum M, Colpe L, Ayer L. Suicidality among sexual minority adults: Gender, age, and race/ethnicity differences. Am J Prev Med. 2022;62(2):193-202.

81. Rashad. From the stonewall riots to civil rights: A history of LGBTQ rights in America. September 25, 2014. https://www.slideserve.com/rashad/from-the-stonewall-riots-to-civil-rights-a-history-of-lgbtq-rights-in-america

82. Roberts M, McDowell P. How to offer inclusive care for LGBTQ+ patients. Review of Optometry. January 15, 2022.

83. Ryan C, Huebner D, Diaz RM, Sanchez J. Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):346-352.

84. Schiffman R. When religion leads to trauma. The New York Times. February 5, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/05/well/mind/religion-trauma-lgbt-gay-depression-anxiety.html

85. Schwindt RG. LGBTQ cultural competence for pharmacists. Pharmacy Today. 2020;26(9):46-55.

86. Singh S, Durso L. Widespread discrimination continues to shape LGBT people’s lives in both subtle and significant ways. Center for American Progress. May 2, 2017. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/widespread-discrimination-continues-shape-lgbt-peoples-lives-subtle-significant-ways/

87. Stokes L. ANA position statement: Nursing advocacy for LGBTQ+ populations. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 2018;24(1).

88. Stony Brook Medicine. LGBTQ+ survey summary. Stony Brook Medicine. 2021. https://www.stonybrookmedicine.edu/LGBTQ/2021-Survey-Summary

89. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). A practitioner’s resource guide: Helping families to support their LGBT children. SAMHSA HHS Publication. 2014. https://familyproject.sfsu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/FamilySupportForLGBTChildrenGuidance.pdf

90. The Joint Commission. New and revised requirements to reduce health care disparities. June 20, 2022. https://www.jointcommission.org/standards/prepublication-standards/new-and-revised-requirements-to-reduce-health-care-disparities/

91. The Joint Commission. R3 report: Requirement, rationale, reference: A complimentary publication of The Joint Commission. 2022;36.

92. The National LGBTQ+ Bar Association. LGBTQ+ “panic” defense. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://lgbtqbar.org/programs/advocacy/gay-trans-panic-defense/

93. The TREVOR Project. Coming out: A handbook for LGBTQ young people. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Coming-Out-Handbook.pdf

94. The TREVOR Project. Trauma and suicide risk among LGBTQ youth. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research-briefs/trauma-and-suicide-risk-among-lgbtq-youth-july-2022/

95. The TREVOR Project. Pronouns usage among LGBTQ youth. July 29, 2020. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research-briefs/pronouns-usage-among-lgbtq-youth/

96. The TREVOR Project. The Trevor Project 2022 national survey on LGBTQ youth mental health. 2022. https://www.thetrevorproject.org/survey-2022/assets/static/trevor01_2022survey_final.pdf

97. Tschurtz B, Burke A. Advancing effective communication, cultural competence, and patient- and family-centered care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community: A field guide. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/patient-safety-topics/health-equity/lgbtfieldguide_web_linked_verpdf.pdf?db=web&hash=FD725DC02CFE6E4F21A35EBD839BBE97&hash=FD725DC02CFE6E4F21A35EBD839BBE97

98. Tufts University. Interrupting bias: Calling out vs. calling in. Office of the Vice Provost for Institutional Inclusive Excellence. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://diversity.tufts.edu/resources/interrupting-bias-calling-out-vs-calling-in/

99. Underwood JM, Brener N, Thornton J, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(1):88.

100. United Nations Human Rights. Intersex people. Office of the High Commissioner (OHCHR). 2019. https://www.ohchr.org/en/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity/intersex-people

101. University of Arkansas. Disgust, not fear, drives homophobia, say UA psychologists. University of Arkansas News. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://news.uark.edu/articles/9587

102. US Department of Health and Human Services. A provider’s introduction to substance abuse treatment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, American Psychological Association. 2001.

103. Valentine S, Livingston N, Salomaa A, Shipherd J. Trauma, discrimination and PTSD among LGBTQ+ people. Accessed August 29, 2022. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/specific/trauma_discrimination_lgbtq.asp

104. Wilson C, Cariola LA. LGBTQI+ youth and mental health: A systematic review of qualitative research. Adolesc Res Rev. 2020;5(2):187-211.


Copyright © 2025 NetCE, PO Box 997571, Sacramento, CA 95899-7571
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.