1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
3. Frances AJ, Widiger T. Psychiatric diagnosis: lessons from the DSM-IV past and cautions for the DSM-5 future. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2012;8:109-130.
4. National Association of Social Workers. Code of Ethics. Available at https://www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=ms_ArtLqzeI%3D&portalid=0. Last accessed March 20, 2025.
5. American Psychiatric Association. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Codes of Conduct. Available at http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf. Last accessed March 20, 2025.
6. National Board for Certified Counselors. Code of Ethics. Available at http://www.nbcc.org/Assets/Ethics/NBCCCodeofEthics.pdf. Last accessed March 20, 2025.
7. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 1st ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1952.
9. Goffman E. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. New York, NY: Anchor Books; 1961.
10. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1968.
11. Lidz T. Adolf Meyer and the development of American psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1966;123:320-332.
12. Hooker E. The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques. 1957;21:18-31.
13. Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL. The re-analysis of the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1974;125:341-347.
14. Spitzer RL, Robins E. Research diagnostic criteria: rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1978;35:773-782.
15. Feighner JP, Robins E, Guze SB, Woodruff RA, Winokur G, Munoz R. Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1972;26:57-63.
16. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.
17. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed. Rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987.
18. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
19. Frances A. The new crisis in confidence in psychiatric diagnosis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;159(3):221-222.
20. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
21. Regier DA, Narrow WE, Clarke DE, et al. DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, part II: test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;170:59-70.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Changes to ICD-10-CM Codes for DSM-5-TR Diagnoses. Available at https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/updates-to-dsm/dsm5tr-code-updates. Last accessed March 20, 2025.
23. American Psychiatric Association. About DSM-5TR. Available at https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/about-dsm. Last accessed March 20, 2025.
24. First MB, Yousif LH, Clarke DE, Wang PS, Gogtay N, Appelbaum PS. DSM-5-TR: overview of what's new and what's changed. World Psychiatry. 2022;21(2):218-219.
25. First MB. Harmonisation of ICD-11 and DSM-5: opportunities and challenges. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195:382-390.
26. Eisma MC. Prolonged grief disorder in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR: challenges and controversies. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2023;57(7):944-951.
27. Ruggero CJ, Kotov R, Hopwood CJ, et al. Integrating the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2019;87(12):1069-1084.
28. Casey BJ, Craddock N, Cuthbert BN, Hyman SE, Lee FS, Ressler KJ. DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research? Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2013;14(11):810-814.
29. Fonseca-Pedrero E. Network analysis: a new way of understanding psychopathology? Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition). 2017;10(4):206-215.
30. Fusar-Poli P, Solmi M, Brondino N, et al. Transdiagnostic psychiatry: a systematic review. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(2):192-207.
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.