1. Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Acetaminophen (APAP or N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol) and acute liver failure. Clin Liver Dis. 2018;22(2):325-346.
2. Saab S, Konyn PG, Viramontes MR, et al. Limited knowledge of acetaminophen in patients with liver disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(4):281-287.
3. Yoon E, Babar A, Choudhary M, Kutner M, Pyrsopoulos N. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: a comprehensive update. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(2):131-142.
4. LexiComp Online. Available at https://online.lexi.com/lco/action/login. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
5. Molloy P, Chambers R, Cork T. How well are national guidelines relating to the general sales of aspirin and paracetamol, adhered to by retail stores: a mystery shopper study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e010081.
6. Heard K, Dart R. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning in Adults: Treatment. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetaminophen-paracetamol-poisoning-in-adults-treatment?search=Acetaminophen&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
7. National Library of Medicine. PubChem. Acetaminophen. Available at https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1983. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
8. Caparrotta TM, Antoine DJ, Dear JW. Are some people at increased risk of paracetamol-induced liver injury? A critical review of the literature. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74(2):147-160.
9. Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and their translation to the human pathophysiology.J Clin Transl Res. 2017;3(Suppl 1):157-169.
10. McGill MR, Sharpe MR, Williams CD, Taha M, Curry SC, Jaeschke H. The mechanism underlying acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in humans and mice involves mitochondrial damage and nuclear fragmentation. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(4):1574-1583.
11. Dart RC, Erdman AR, Olson KR, et al. Acetaminophen poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(1):1-18.
12. Burns MJ, Friedman SL, Larson AM. Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning in Adults: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Diagnosis. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetaminophen-paracetamol-poisoning-in-adults-pathophysiology-presentation-and-diagnosis. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
13. Rumack BH, Peterson RG. Acetaminophen overdose: incidence, diagnosis, and management. Pediatrics. 1978;62(5 Pt 2 Suppl):898-903.
14. Mitchell JR, Thorgeirsson SS, Potter WZ, Jollow DJ, Keiser H. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury: protective role of glutathione in man and rationale for therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974;16(4):676-684.
15. Waring WS, Robinson OD, Stephen AF, Dow MA, Pettie JM. Does the history predict hepatotoxicity after acute paracetamol ingestion? QJM. 2008;101(2):121-125.
16. Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA. Reliability of the reported ingested dose of acetaminophen for predicting the risk of toxicity in acetaminophen overdose patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(2):207-213.
17. Khandelwal N, James LP, Sanders C, Larson AM. Unrecognized acetaminophen toxicity as a cause of indeterminate liver failure. Hepatology. 2011;53(2):567-576.
18. Sporer KA, Khayam-Bashi H. Acetaminophen and salicylate serum levels in patients with suicidal ingestion or altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14(5):443-446.
19. Bentur Y, Lurie Y, Tamir A, Keyes C, Basis F. Reliability of history of acetaminophen ingestion in intentional drug overdose patients. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011;30(1):44-50.
20. Lucanie R, Chiang WK, Reilly R. Utility of acetaminophen screening in unsuspected suicidal ingestions. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2002;44(3):171-173.
21. Prescott LF, Roscoe P, Wright N, Brown SS. Plasma-paracetamol half-life and hepatic necrosis in patients with paracetamol over-dosage. Lancet. 1971;1(7698):519-522.
23. Rumack BH, Peterson RC, Koch GG, Amara IA. Acetaminophen overdose: 662 cases with evaluation of oral acetylcysteine treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141(3 Spec No):380-385.
24. Yarema MC, Green JP, Sivilotti ML, et al. Can a serum acetaminophen concentration obtained less than 4 hours post-ingestion determine which patients do not require treatment with acetylcysteine? Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017;55(2):102-108.
25. Froberg BA, King KJ, Kurera TD, et al. Negative predictive value of acetaminophen concentrations within four hours of ingestion. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(10):1072-1075.
26. Rhyee SH. Early serum acetaminophen levels: how soon is too soon? Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(10):1070-1071.
27. Rumack BH. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: the first 35 years. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(1):3-20.
28. Hendrickson RG, McKeown NJ, West PL, Burke CR. Bactrian ("double hump") acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: a case series and review of the literature. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6(3):337-344.
29. Ferguson KL, Chan GM, Lee C, Greller HA, Su M. Delayed hepatotoxicity from combined acetaminophen and diphenhydramine despite 21-hour intravenous acetylcysteine. Clin Toxicol. 2007;45(6):615.
30. Ho SY, Arellano M, Zolkowski-Wynne J. Delayed increase in acetaminophen concentration after Tylenol PM overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17(3):315-317.
31. Schwartz EA, Hayes BD, Sarmiento KF. Development of hepatic failure despite use of intravenous acetylcysteine after a massive ingestion of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(3):421-423.
32. Chan BS, Graudins A, Chiew A. Acetaminophen poisoning with a difference. Clin Toxicol. 2008;46(7)601-602.
33. Papazoglu C, Ang JR, Mandel M, Basak P, Jesmajian S. Acetaminophen overdose associated with double serum concentration peaks.J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2015;5(6):29589.
34. Bihari S, Verghese S, Bersten AD. Delayed and prolonged elevated serum paracetamol level after an overdose: possible causes and implications. Crit Care Resusc. 2011;13(4):275-277.
35. Smith SW, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. Acetaminophen overdose with altered acetaminophen pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity associated with premature cessation of intravenous N-acetylcysteine therapy. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(9):1333-1339.
36. Kobrinsky NL, Hartfield D, Horner H, et al. Treatment of advanced malignancies with high-dose acetaminophen and N-acetylcysteine rescue. Cancer Invest. 1996;14(3):202-210.
37. Dougherty PP, Klein-Schwartz W. Unexpected late rise in plasma acetaminophen concentrations with change in risk stratification in acute acetaminophen overdoses. J Emerg Med. 2012;43(1):58-63.
38. Graudins A, Chiew A, Chan B. Overdose with modified-release paracetamol results in delayed and prolonged absorption of paracetamol. Intern Med J. 2010;40(1):72-76.
39. Singer AJ, Carracio TR, Mofenson HC. The temporal profile of increased transaminase levels in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26(1):49-53.
40. Green TJ, Sivilotti ML, Langmann C, et al. When do the aminotransferases rise after acute acetaminophen overdose? Clin Toxicol. 2010;48(8):787-792.
41. Heard K. Asymptomatic alanine aminotransferase elevations with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol. 2011;49(2): 90-93.
42. Heard K, Green JL, Anderson V, Bucher-Bartelson B, Dart RC. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the course of aminotransferase elevation during prolonged acetaminophen administration. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;15:39.
43. Heard K, Dart R. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Poisoning in Children and Adolescents. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-acetaminophen-paracetamol-poisoning-in-children-and-adolescents. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
44. Merck Manual. Acetaminophen Poisoning: Table: Stages of Acute Acetaminophen Poisoning. Available at https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/poisoning/acetaminophen-poisoning. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
45. Stollings JL, Wheeler AP, Rice TW. Incidence and characterization of acute kidney injury after acetaminophen overdose. J Crit Care. 2016;35:191-194.
46. Mazer M, Perrone J. Acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. J Med Toxicol. 2008;4(1):2-6.
47. Blakely P, McDonald BR. Acute renal failure due to acetaminophen ingestion: a case report and review of the literature. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1995;6(1):48-53.
48. Pakravan N, Simpson KJ, Waring WS, Bates CM, Bateman DN. Renal injury at first presentation as a predictor for poor outcome in severe paracetamol poisoning referred to a liver transplant unit. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;65(2):163-168.
49. O'Riordan A, Brummell Z, Sizer E, et al. Acute kidney injury in patients admitted to a liver intensive therapy unit with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(11):3501-3508.
50. Mour G, Feinfeld DA, Caraccio T, McGuigan M. Acute renal dysfunction in acetaminophen poisoning. Ren Fail. 2005;27(4):381-383.
51. Kher K, Makker S. Acute renal failure due to acetaminophen poisoning with concurrent hepatotoxicity. Am J Med. 1987;82(6):1280-1281.
52. Kleinman JG, Breitenfield RV, Roth DA. Acute renal failure associated with acetaminophen ingestion: report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Nephrol. 1980;14(4):201-205.
53. Curry RW Jr, Robinson JD, Sughrue MJ. Acute renal failure after acetaminophen ingestion. JAMA. 1982;247(7):1012-1014.
54. Waring WS, Jamie H, Leggett GE. Delayed onset of acute renal failure after significant paracetamol overdose: a case series. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010;29(1):63-68.
55. Gosselin M, Dazé Y, Mireault P, Crahes M. Toxic myocarditis caused by acetaminophen in a multidrug overdose. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2017;38(4):349-352.
56. Lip GY, Vale JA. Does acetaminophen damage the heart? J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(2):145-147.
57. Chen SJ, Lin CS, Hsu CW, Lin CL, Kao CH. Acetaminophen poisoning and risk of acute pancreatitis: a population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(29):e1195.
58. Cavanaugh Z, Naut ER. Acetaminophen-induced pancreatic pseudocyst: first case report. Conn Med. 2014;78(1):37-39.
59. Igarashi H, Ito T, Yoshinaga M, Oono T, Sakai H, Takayanagi R. Acetaminophen-induced pancreatitis: a case report. JOP. 2009;10(5):550-553.
60. Farrell J, Schmitz PG. Paracetamol-induced pancreatitis and fulminant hepatitis in a hemodialysis patient. Clin Nephrol. 1997;48(2):132-133.
61. Schmidt LE, Dalhoff K. Hyperamylasaemia and acute pancreatitis in paracetamol poisoning. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004; 20(2):173-179.
62. Chung WS, Lin CL. Increased risk of congestive heart failure in patients with acetaminophen poisoning: a nationwide cohort study.J Appl Toxicol. 2018;38(5):766-772.
63. Chung YT, Chou CY, Tsai WC, Chen WK, Lin CL, Chung WS. Acetaminophen poisoning may increase coronary artery disease risk: a nationwide cohort study. Carviovasc Toxicol. 2018;18(4):386-391.
64. Chen SJ, Lin CS, Hsu CW, Lin CL, Kao CH. Acetaminophen poisoning and risk of acute pancreatitis: a population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(29):e1195.
65. Marks DJB, Dargan PI, Archer JRH, et al. Outcomes from massive paracetamol overdose: a retrospective observational study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(6):1263-1272.
66. Chiew AL, Isbister GK, Kirby KA, Page CB, Chan BSH, Buckley NA. Massive paracetamol overdose: an observational study of the effect of activated charcoal and increased acetylcysteine dose (ATOM-2). Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017;55(10):1055-1065.
67. Zein JG, Wallace DJ, Kinasewitz G, Toubia N, Kakoulas C. Early anion gap metabolic acidosis in acetaminophen overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 2010; 28(7):798-802.
68. Wang GS, Monte A, Bagdure D, Heard K. Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose. Pediatrics. 2011;127(4):e1077-e1080.
69. Roth B, Woo O, Blanc P. Early metabolic acidosis and coma after acetaminophen ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33(4):452-456.
70. Mendoza CD, Heard K, Dart RC. Coma, metabolic acidosis, and normal liver function in a child with a large serum acetaminophen level. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(5):637.
71. Steelman R, Goodman A, Biswas S, Zimmerman A. Metabolic acidosis and coma in a child with acetaminophen toxicity. Clin Pediatr. 2004;43(2):201-203.
72. Ghannoum M, Kazim S, Grunbaum AM, Villeneuve E, Gosselin S. Massive acetaminophen overdose: effect of hemodialysis on acetaminophen and acetylcysteine kinetics. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016;54(6):519-522.
73. Wolf MS, King J, Jacobson K, et al. Risk of unintentional overdose with non-prescription acetaminophen products. J Gen Intern Med. 2012;27(12):1587-1593.
74. King JP, McCarthy DM, Serper M, et al. Variability in acetaminophen labeling practices: a missed opportunity to enhance patient safety. J Med Toxicol. 2015;11(4):410-414.
75. Stumpf JL, Liao AC, Nguyen S, Skyles AJ, Alaniz C. Knowledge of appropriate acetaminophen use: A survey of college-age women.J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2018;58(1):51-55.
76. Saab S, Konyn PG, Viramontes MR, et al. Limited knowledge of acetaminophen in patients with liver disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(4):281-287.
77. Farrell SE, Defendi GL. Acetaminophen Toxicity. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820200-overview. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
78. Rumack B, Heard K, Green J, et al. Effect of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (up to 4 g/day) on serum alanine aminotransferase levels in subjects consuming ethanol: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32(9):784-791.
80. Ramachandran A, Lebofsky M, Yan HM, Weinman SA, Jaeschke H. Hepatitis C virus structural proteins can exacerbate or ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Arch Toxicol. 2015;89(5):773-783.
81. Ngyuen GC, Sam J, Thuluvath PJ. Hepatitis C is a predictor of acute liver injury among hospitalizations for acetaminophen overdose in the United States: a nationwide analysis. Hepatology. 2008;48(4):1336-1341.
82. Myers RP, Shaheen AA. Hepatitis C, alcohol abuse, and unintentional overdoses are risk factors for acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1399-1400.
83. Olson KR. Acetaminophen. In: Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Clark RF, Kearney TE, Kim-Katz SY, Wu AHB (eds). Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018: 73-76.
84. Bond GR. Reduced toxicity of acetaminophen in children: it's the liver. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;(2):149-152.
85. Hoegberg LCG. Techniques used to prevent gastrointestinal absorption. In: Nelson LS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Smith SW, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS (eds). Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2019.
86. Hendrickson RG, Kusin S. Gastrointestinal Decontamination of the Poisoned Patient. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastrointestinal-decontamination-of-the-poisoned-patient. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
87. Benson BE, Hoppu K, Troutman WG, et al. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clinical Toxicol. 2013;51(3):140-146.
88. Douglas DR, Smilkstein MJ, Rumack BH. APAP levels within 4 hours: are they useful? Vet Human Toxicol. 1994; 36:350.
89. Klein-Schwartz W, Doyon S. Intravenous acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011;12(1):119-130.
90. Schwarz E, Cohn B. Is intravenous acetylcysteine more effective than oral administration for the prevention of hepatotoxicity in acetaminophen overdose? Ann Emerg Med. 2014;63(1):79-80.
91. Green JL, Heard KJ, Reynolds KM, Albert D. Oral and intravenous acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. West J Emerg Med. 2013;14(3):218-226.
92. Williamson K, Wahl MS, Mycyk MB. Direct comparison of 20-hour IV, 36-hour oral, and 72-hour oral acetylcysteine for treatment of acute acetaminophen poisoning. Am J Ther. 2013;20(1):37-40.
93. Chiew AL, Isbister GK, Kirby KA, et al. Massive paracetamol overdose: an observational study of the effect of activated charcoal and increased acetylcysteine dose (ATOM-2). Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017;55(10):1055-1065.
94. Yarema M, Chopra P, Sivilotti MLA, et al. Anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous N-acetylcysteine during treatment for acetaminophen poisoning. J Med Toxicol. 2018;14(2):120-127.
95. Whyte IM, Buckley NA, Reith DM, Goodhew I, Seldon M, Dawson AH. Acetaminophen causes an increased international normalized ratio by reducing functional factor VII. Ther Drug Monit. 2000;22(6):742-748.
96. Sandilands EA, Bateman DN. Adverse reactions associated with acetylcysteine. Clin Toxicol. 2009;47(2):81-88.
97. Shen F, Coulter CV, Isbister GK, Duffull SB. A dosing regimen for immediate N-acetylcysteine treatment for acute paracetamol overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(7):643-647.
98. Fikatas P, Lee JE, Sauer IM, et al. APACHE III score is superior to King's College Hospital criteria, MELD score and APACHE II to predict outcomes after liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplant Proc. 2013;45(6):2295-2301.
99. Wlodzimirow KA, Eslami S, Chamuleau RAFM, Nieuwoudt M, Abu-Hanna A. Prediction of poor outcome in patients with acute liver failure: systematic review of prediction models. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e50952.
100. Figorilli F, Putignano A, Roux O, et al. Development of an organ failure score in acute liver failure for transplant selection and identification of patients at high risk of futility. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188151.
101. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, et al. 2022 annual report of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from America's Poison Centers: 40th annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2032;61(10):717-939.
102. Chyka PA, Erdman ER, Christianson G, et al. Salicylate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol. 2007;45(2):95-131.
103. Barnett AK, Boyer EW. Salicylate (Aspirin) Poisoning: Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/salicylate-aspirin-poisoning-clinical-manifestations-and-evaluation. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
104. Kim SM, Jo JM, Baek MJ, Jung KH. A case of bilateral sudden hearing loss and tinnitus after salicylate intoxication. Korean J Audiol. 2013;17(1):23-26.
105. Kim-Katz S. Salicylates. In: Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Clark RF, Kearney TE, Kim-Katz SY, Wu AHB (eds). Poisoning & Drug Overdose. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018: 410-413.
106. Yuklyaeva N, Chaudhary A, Gorantla R, Bischof E. Salicylate-induced pulmonary edema: a near miss diagnosis. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32(5):490.
107. Shively RM, Hoffman RS, Manini AF. Acute salicylate poisoning: risk factors for severe outcome. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017;55(3):175-180.
108. Beauchamp GA, Hendrickson RG. Delayed salicylate toxicity in a 17-year-old girl with initially undetectable salicylate concentration 3.9 hours after ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33(11):e126-e127.
109. West PL, Horowitz BZ. Delayed recrudescence to toxic salicylate concentrations after salsalate overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6(2):150-154.
110. Herres J Ryan D, Salzman M. Delayed salicylate toxicity with undetectable initial levels after large-dose aspirin ingestion. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(9):1173.
111. Rivera W, Kleinschmidt KC, Velez LI, Shepherd G, Keyes DC. Delayed salicylate toxicity at 35 hours without early manifestations following a single salicylate ingestion. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(7-8):1186-1188.
113. Thisted B, Krantz T, Strøom J, Sørensen MB. Acute salicylate self-poisoning in 177 consecutive patients treated in ICU. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1987;31(4):312-316.
114. Wortzman DJ, Grunfeld A. Delayed absorption following enteric-coated aspirin overdose. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16(4):434-436.
115. Todd PJ, Sills JA, Harris F, Cowen JM. Problems with overdoses of sustained-release aspirin. Lancet. 1981;1(8223):777.
116. American College of Medical Toxicology. Guidance document: management priorities in salicylate toxicity. J Med Toxicol. 2015;11(1):149-152.
117. Chyka PA, Erdman AR, Christianson G, et al. Salicylate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(2):95-131.
118. Juurlink DN. Activated charcoal for acute overdose: a reappraisal. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(3):482-487.
119. Olson KR. Activated charcoal for acute poisoning: one toxicologist's journey. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6(2):190-198.
120. Benson BE, Hoppu K, Troutman WG, et al. Position paper update: gastric lavage for gastrointestinal decontamination. Clin Toxicol. 2013;51(3):140-146.
121. Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA. Reliability of the reported ingested dose of acetaminophen for predicting the risk of toxicity in acetaminophen overdose patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(2):207-213.
122. Khandelwal N, James LP, Sanders C, Larson AM, Lee WM. Unrecognized acetaminophen toxicity as a cause of indeterminate liver failure. Hepatology. 2011;53(2):567-576.
123. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, et al. 2004 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23(5):589-666.
124. Waseem M. Salicylate Toxicity Workup. Available at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1009987-workup. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
125. O' Malley GF. Emergency department management of the salicylate-poisoned patient. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2007;25(2):333-346.
127. Ghannoum M, Roberts DM. Management of poisonings and intoxications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023;18(9):1210-1221.
128. Madan RK, Levitt J. A review of toxicity from topical salicylic acid preparations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(4):788-792.
129. Su M, Nagdev A. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Poisoning. Available at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonsteroidal-antiinflammatory-drug-nsaid-poisoning. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
130. Argentieri K, Morrone K, Pollock Y. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen overdosage. Pediatr Rev. 2012;33(4):188-189.
131. Marciniak KE, Thomas IH, Brogan TV, Roberts JS, Czaja A, Mazor SS. Massive ibuprofen overdose requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for stabilization. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007;8(2):180-182.
132. Bennett RR, Dunkelberg JC, Marks ES. Acute oliguric renal failure due to ibuprofen overdose. South Med J. 1985;78(4):490-491.
133. Lodise M, De-Giorgio F, Rossi R, d'Aloja E, Fucci N. Acute ibuprofen overdose: report on case and review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012;33(3):242-246.
134. Holubeck W, Stolbach A, Nurok S, Lopez O, Wetter A, Nelson L. A report of two deaths from massive ibuprofen overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2007;3(2):52-55.
135. Geith S, Renner B, Rabe C, Stenzel J, Eyer F. Ibuprofen plasma concentration profile in deliberate ibuprofen overdose with circulatory depression treated with therapeutic plasma exchange: a case report. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;18(1):81.
136. Ershad M, Ameer MA, ChenRJ, Vearrier D. Ibuprofen Toxicity. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526078. Last accessed June 11, 2024.
137. Hall AH, Smolinske SC, Stover B, Conrad FL, Rumack BH. Ibuprofen overdose in adults. JToxicol Clin Toxicol. 1992;30(1):23-37.
138. Levine M, Khurana A, Ruha AM. Polyuria, acidosis, and coma following massive ibuprofen overdose. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6(3):315-317.
139. Chelluri L, Jastremski MS. Coma caused by ibuprofen overdose. Crit Care Med. 1986;14(12):1078-1079.
140. Hunt DP, Leigh RJ. Overdose with ibuprofen causing unconsciousness and hypotension. Br Med J. 1980;281(6253):1458-1459.
141. Zuckerman GB, Uy CC. Shock, metabolic acidosis, and coma following ibuprofen overdose in a child. Ann Pharmacother. 1995;29(9):869-871.
142. Downie A, Ali A, Bell D. Severe metabolic acidosis complicating massive ibuprofen overdose. Postgrad Med J. 1993;69(813):575-577.
143. Oker EE, Hermann L, Baum CR, Fentzke KM, Sigg T, Leikin JB. Serious toxicity in a young child due ibuprofen. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7(7):821-823.
144. al-Harbi NN, Domrongkitchaiporn S, Lirenman DS. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia after ibuprofen overdose. Ann Pharmacother. 1997;31(4):432-434.
145. Linden CH, Townsend PL. Metabolic acidosis after acute ibuprofen overdose. J Pediatr. 1987;111(6 Pt 1):922-925.
146. Blau EB. Ibuprofen and ethanol overdose-induced acute tubular necrosis. Wis Med J. 1987;86(9):23-24.
147. Lee CY, Finkler A. Acute intoxication due to ibuprofen overdose. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1986;110(8):747-749.
148. Kim J, Gazarian M, Verjee Z, Johnson D. Acute renal insufficiency in ibuprofen overdose. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1995;11(2):107-108.
149. Apata J, Pennap DD, Mosholder AD. The use of analgesics for intentional self-poisoning: trends in U.S. poison center data. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;163:402-405.
150. Hall AH, Smolinske SC, Kulig KW, Rumack BH. Ibuprofen overdose—a prospective study. West J Med. 1988;148(6):653-656.
151. Hall AH, Smolinske SC, Conrad FL, et al. Ibuprofen overdose: 126 cases. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15(11):1308-1313.
152. Seifert SA, Bronstein AC, McGuire T. Massive ibuprofen ingestion with survival. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2000;38(1):55-57.
1. Chiew AL, Gluud C, Brok J, Buckley NA. Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2: CD003328. Abstract available at https://www.cochrane.org/CD003328/LIVER_interventions-paracetamol-acetaminophen-overdose. Last accessed June 24, 2024.
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.