1. Ghaderi A, Tabatabaei SM, Nedjat S, Javadi M, Larijani. Explanatory definition of the concept of spiritual health: a qualitative study in Iran. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2018;11:1-7.
2. Vieten C, Scammell S, Pilato R, et al. Spiritual and Religious Competencies for Psychologists. Available at https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/rel-a0032699.pdf. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
3. Fisher J. The four domains model: connecting spirituality, health and well-being. Religions (Basel). 2011;2(1):17-28.
5. Pargament KI. The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1997.
6. 6. Association of Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling. ASERVIC White Paper. Available at https://aservic.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ASERVIC-WHITE-PAPER.pdf. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
7. Myers JE, Sweeney TJ, Witmer JT. The wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning.J Couns Dev. 2000;78(3):251-266.
8. Fehring R, Miller J, Shaw C. Spiritual well-being, religiosity, hope, depression, and other mood states in elderly people coping with cancer.Oncol Nurs Forum. 1997;24(4):663-671.
9. Koenig HG, Larson DB. Religion and mental health: evidence for an association.Int Rev Psychiatry. 2001;13(2):67-78.
10. Hussain D. Spirituality, religion and health: reflections and issues.Eur J Psychol. 2011;7(1):187-197.
11. Nichols LM, Hunt B. The significance of spirituality for individuals with chronic illness: implication for mental health counseling.J Ment Health Couns. 2011;33(1):51-66.
12. Hodges S. Mental health, depression, and dimensions of spirituality and religion.J Adult Dev. 2002;9:109-115.
13. Koenig H, Pritchett J. Religion and psychotherapy. In: Koenig HG (ed).Handbook of Religion and Mental Health. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2002: 323-336.
14. Levin J.God, Faith, and Health: Exploring the Spirituality-Healing Connection. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 2001.
15. Richards PS, Bergin AE. A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. In: Miller G (ed).Incorporating Spirituality in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2002: 145.
16. Brewer-Smyth K, Koenig HG. Could spirituality and religion promote stress resilience in surviors of childhood trauma?Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2014;35(4):251-256.
17. Faigin C, Pargament KI. Strengthened by the spirit: religion, spirituality, and resilience through adulthood and aging.Resilience in Aging. 2011;163-180.
18. Reiner SM. Religious and spiritual beliefs: an avenue to explore end-of-life issues.Adultspan Journal. 2007;6(2):111-118.
19. Bassett H, Lloyd C, Tse S. Approaching in the spirit: spirituality and hope in recovery from mental health problems.Int J Ther Rehabil. 2008;15(6):254-261.
20. Koenig HG. Religion and mental health: what should psychiatrists do?Psychiatr Bull. 2008;32(6):201-203.
21. Jones A, Cohen D, Johnstone B, et al. Relationships between negative spiritual beliefs and health outcomes for individuals with heterogeneous medical conditions.J Spiritual Ment Health. 2015;17(2):135-152.
22. Russinova Z, Cash D. Personal perspectives about the meaning of religion and spirituality among persons with serious mental illnesses.Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2007;30(4):271-284.
23. Robertson L. The Spiritual Competency Scale: A Comparison to the ASERVIC Spiritual Competencies. Available at https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3549. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
24. National Alliance on Mental Illness. Mental Health by the Numbers. Available athttps://www.nami.org/mhstats. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
25. The White House. Issue Briefs: Reducing the Economic Burden of Unmet Mental Health Needs. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/written-materials/2022/05/31/reducing-the-economic-burden-of-unmet-mental-health-needs. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
26. Hagedorn WB, Gutierrez D. Integration versus segregation: applications of the spiritual competencies in counselor education programs.Couns Values. 2009;54(1):32-47.
27. Cashwell CS, Young JS.Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020.
28. 28. Ingersoll RE. Teaching a course on counseling and spirituality.Counselor Education & Supervision. 2011;36(3):224-232.
29. Curtis R, Glass J. Spirituality and counseling class: a teaching model.Couns Values. 2002;4(1):3-12.
30. Fukuyama MA, Sevig TD. Spiritual issues in counseling: a new course.Counselor Education & Supervision. 2011;36(3):233-244.
31. Jackson ML. Multicultural counseling: historical perspective. In: Ponterotto G, Casas J, Suzuki LA, Alexander CM (eds).Handbook of Multicultural Counseling. 4th ed. Los Angeles, CA: Sage; 2017: 3-16.
32. Sue D, Bernier J, Durran A, et al. Position paper: cross-cultural counseling competencies.Couns Psychol. 1982;1(2):45-52.
33. 33. Sue DW, Arredondo P, McDavis R. Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: a call to the profession.J Couns Dev. 1992;70(4):177-183.
34. Moore S. A Strategic U.S. Policy for the New Economy. Available at https://cis.org/Report/Strategic-US-Immigration-Policy-New-Economy. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
35. Sue DW, Sue D.Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice. 8th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 2019.
36. Migration Policy Institute. Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration in the United States. Available at https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
38. Aten JD, Hernandez BC. Addressing religion in clinical supervision: a model.Psychotherapy (Chic). 2004;41(2):152-160.
40. Lindgren KN, Coursey RD. Spirituality and serious mental illness: a two-part study.Psychiatr Rehabil J. 1995;18(3):93-111.
41. Pew Research Center. Key Findings About Americans' Belief in God. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/04/25/key-findings-about-americans-belief-in-god. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
42. Belaire C, Young J. Influences of spirituality on counselor selection.Couns Values. 2000;44(3):189-197.
43. Kelly EW. The role of religion and spirituality in counselor education: a national survey.Counselor Education & Supervision. 1994;33(4):227-237.
44. Mack ML. Understanding spirituality in counseling psychology: considerations for research, training, and practice.Couns Values. 1994;39(1):15-32.
45. Pate H Jr, Bondi AM. Religious beliefs and practice: an integral aspect of multicultural awareness.Counselor Education & Supervision. 1992;32(2):108-115.
46. Weinstein C, Parker J, Archer J. College counselors' attitudes toward spiritual and religious issues and practice in counseling.Journal of College Counseling. 2002;5(2):164-174.
47. Shafranske E, Maloney H. Clinical psychologists' religious and spiritual orientations and their practice of psychotherapy.Psychotherapy. 1990;27(1):72-78.
48. American Counseling Association. ACA Code of Ethics. Available at https://www.counseling.org/resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
49. American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
50. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. 2016 CACREP Standards. Available at https://www.cacrep.org/for-programs/2016-cacrep-standards. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
51. The Joint Commission. Spiritual Beliefs and Preferences: Evaluating a Patient's Spiritual Needs. Available at https://www.jointcommission.org/standards/standard-faqs/critical-access-hospital/provision-of-care-treatment-and-services-pc/000001669. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
52. Miller G. The development of the spiritual focus in counseling and counselor education.J Couns Dev. 2011;77(4):498-501.
53. Wiggins-Frame M.Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning: 2003.
54. Cashwell C, Watts R. The new ASERVIC competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling.Couns Values. 2010;51:2-5.
56. 56. Hill PV, Pargament KI, Hood RW Jr., et al. Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: points of commonality, points of departure.J Theory Soc Behav. 2000;30(1):51-77.
57. Oxhandler HK, Moffatt KM, Giardina TD. Clinical helping professionals' perceived support, barriers, and training to integrate clients' religion/spirituality in practice.Spiritual Clin Pract. 2019;6(4):279-291.
58. Kelly EW.Spirituality and Religion in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Diversity in Theory and Practice. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association: 1995.
59. Pargament KI.Spiritually Integrated Psychotherapy: Understanding and Addressing the Sacred. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2011.
60. Ellison CG, George LK. Religious involvement, social ties, and social support in a southeastern community.J Sci Study Relig. 1994;33(1):46-61.
61. 61. Dilthey W. Dilthey's philosophy of existence: introduction to Weltanschauungslehre. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020.
62. Miller G.Incorporating Spirituality in Counseling and Psychotherapy. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 2003.
63. Fishbane M. Judaism: revelation and traditions. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 44.
64. Morrison M, Brown S. Judaism: a guide to competent practice. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 44.
65. Gold JM.Counseling and Spirituality: Integrating Spiritual and Clinical Orientations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson; 2010.
66. 66. Frankiel S. Christianity: a way to salvation. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 65.
67. Rahman F. Islam, Encarta Encyclopedia. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 68.
68. Hedayat-Diba Z. Psychotherapy with Muslims. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 69.
69. O'Flaherty WD. Hinduism. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 70.
70. Wangu MB. Hinduism. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 70.
71. 71. Pew Research Center. The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050. Available at https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
72. Sharma AR. Psychotherapy with Hindus. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 70.
73. McDermott JP. Buddhism. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 72.
74. Wangu MB. Buddhism. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 73.
75. Lester RC. Buddhism: the path to Nirvana. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 49-50.
76. Smith H. The religious man. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003.
77. Liu WC. Confucianism.: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 75.
78. Hartz PR. Taoism. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 76.
79. Hartz PR. Shinto. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 77.
80. Watts AW. Shinto. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 51.
81. Earhart HB. Religion of Japan: many traditions, one sacred way. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003.
82. Heelas P.The New Age Movement: The Celebration of the Self and the Sacralization of Modernity. Oxford: Blackwell; 2005.
83. Heelas P, Woodhead L.The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2018.
84. Capuzzi D, Gross DR. Achieving and personal and professional identity. In: Gold J (ed).Counseling and Spirituality: Integrating Spiritual and Clinical Orientations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.; 2007: 32.
87. McLennan NA, Rochow S, Arthur N. Spiritual and religious diversity in counseling.Guid Counc. 2001;16:132-137.
88. Hood R, W Spilka Jr, Hunsberger B.The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach. New York, NY: Guilford; 2018.
89. Allport GW. The individual and his religion. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 37-38.
90. Worthington EL. Religious faith across lifespan: implications for counseling and research. Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning;37.
91. Fowler JW. Stages of faith: the psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 98-99.
92. Oser FK. The development of religious judgment. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 45-46.
93. Genia V. Counseling and psychotherapy of religious clients: a developmental approach. In: Wiggins-Frame M (ed).Integrating Religion and Spirituality Into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003: 47-49.
94. Washburn M. The ego and the dynamic ground: a transpersonal theory of human development. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 102-103.
95. Gills CS, Harper MC, Dailey SF. Assessing the spiritual and religions domain. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 44.
96. Richards PS, Bartz JD, O'Grady KA. Assessing religion and spirituality in counseling: some reflections and recommendations.Couns Values.2009;54(1):65-79.
97. Turner R, Lukoff D, Barnhouse M, Lu F. Religious or spiritual problem: a culturally sensitive diagnostic category in the DSM-IV.J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183(7):435-444.
98. Heffernan S, Neil S, Thomas Y, Weatherhead S. Religion in the recovery journey of individuals with experience of psychosis.Psychosis. 2016;8(4):346-356.
99. Fallot RD. Spirituality and religion in psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery from mental illness.Int Rev Psychiatry. 2001;13(2):110-116.
100. Koenig HG. Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: a review.Can J Psychiatry. 2009;54(5):283-291.
101. >Gendlin E. Focusing. In: Cashwell CS, Young DS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 174.
102. American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.
103. Wiggins-Frame M. The spiritual genogram in family therapy.J Marital Fam Ther. 2007;26(2):211-216.
104. Finn M, Rubin JB. Psychotherapy with Buddhists. In: Cashwell CS, Young JS (eds).Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice. 3rd ed. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2020: 49.
105. Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development. Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC). Available at https://www.multiculturalcounselingdevelopment.org/competencies. Last accessed May 1, 2023.
1. Pumariega AJ, Rothe E, Mian A, et al. Practice parameter for cultural competence in child and adolescent psychiatric practice. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52(10):1101-1115. Available at https://www.aacap.org/App_Themes/AACAP/Docs/practice_parameters/Cultural_Competence_Web.pdf. Last accessed May 25, 2023.
Mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement.